Drugs

Question 0

What are antimicrobials and completely synthesized in lab?

Answer 0

Synthetics

Question 1

What is chemically altered antibiotics and more effective than naturally occurring?

Answer 1

Semi-synthetics

Question 2

Name mechanisms of antimicrobial action

Answer 2

Inhibitions of pathogen’s attachment to host
Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of protein synthesis (tetracycline)
Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane
Inhibition of general metabolic pathway

Question 3

What is zone of inhibition?

Answer 3

If there is no zone, there is no degree of susceptibility. That means the medication does not kill the growth

Question 4

List routes of administration

Answer 4

Topical, oral, intramuscular, intravenous

Question 5

What is topical administration?

Answer 5

External infections

Question 6

What is oral administration?

Answer 6

concentrations not that high

take time to get to its highest

Question 7

What is intramuscular administration?

Answer 7

Concentration higher than oral but does not last that long

Question 8

What is intravenous administration?

Answer 8

Concentration high
Consistent time
IDEAL

Question 9

Resistance to antimicrobial drugs by bacteria

Answer 9

New mutations of chromosomal genes

Acquisition of R-plasmids via transformation, transduction, conjugation

Question 10

Mechanisms for resistance of antimicrobial drugs (6)

Answer 10

1. Produce enzyme that destroys drug
2. Slow/prevent entry of drug in cell
3. Alter target of drug –> binds less effectively
4. Alter metabolic chemistry
5. Pump antimicrobial drug out of the cell b4 it acts
6. Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces MfpA protein