drugs

Question 1

example of a beta lactam

Answer 1

• penicillin
• cephalosporin
• carbapenems

Question 2

example of penicillin

Answer 2

• amoxcillin

Question 3

example of glycopeptides

Answer 3

vancomycin

Question 4

what two classes of antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 4

• beta lactams
• glycopeptides

Question 5

what three classes of antibioitcs inhbit protein synthesis

Answer 5

• aminoglycosids
• macrolide
• tetracycline

Question 6

example of aminoglycosides

Answer 6

• gentamicin

Question 7

example of macrolide

Answer 7

• erythromycin

Question 8

how does macrolide inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 8

• prevent peptide bond forming between adjacent amino acids

Question 9

what are examples of drugs who inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 9

• quinolones

Question 10

example of quinolones

Answer 10

ciprofloxacin

Question 11

what antibiotics are anti-folate

Answer 11

• trimethoprim

Question 12

what drugs intefer with cell membrane of microbes

Answer 12

• azole (flucanazole)- inhibit fungal cell membrane synthesis
• polymyxin - inhibt bacteria cell membrane synthesis

Question 13

what is an example of an anti-viral drug

Answer 13

aciclovir

Question 14

how does aciclovir work

Answer 14

• activated when viral protein thymidine kinase is present
• inhibit dna polymerase
• it is nucleoside analog

Question 15

examples of drugs used for anti-retroviral therapy

Answer 15

• lencapavir - capsid inhibitor
• maravoric- acts as an antagonist and binds to CCR5 receptor (chemokine receptor) on host cell, this prevents entry of HIV into cd4 t cells
• tenefovir (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
• protease inhibitor
• integrase inhibitor

Question 16

what is HAART

Answer 16

• highly active anti retroviral therapy

Question 17

what is an example of a monoclonal antibody treatment used for b lymphoma

Answer 17

• rituximab
• monoclonal antibody which binds to cd20/cd19 receptor on b cells
• this activates the complement (leads to membrane attack complex), t cells, macrophages

Question 18

what is chimeric antigen t cells (CAR)

Answer 18

• another type of treatment for cancers specifically b lymphoma
• t cells taken out of patient and genetically enginered in lab and a gene is inserted which causes the t cells to express chimeric antigen
• t cells are put back in patient and the t cells with the antigens bind to cd20 and cd19 proteins on cancer b cells this activates the t cell and leads to cytokine storm

Question 19

what are drugs used for transfusion reactions and how do they work

Answer 19

• tacrolimus
• rapamycin
• cyclosporin
• block IL-2 receptor which prevents t cells activation, differentiation etc

Question 20

what are drugs used for type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 20

• anti histamines
• cortiocsteroids
• omalizumab - immunotherapy- monoclonal antibody that blocks binding of Ige to receptor on mast cell
• slit- low dose of allergens given

Question 21

what can be given for acute viral infections

Answer 21

• corticosteroids (dexamethasone)

Question 22

what antibiotics are used to treat streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 22

• benzylpenicillin
• clindamycin (macrolide antibiotic)

Question 23

what antibiotics are given for m.tb

Answer 23

• ripe
• ripe for 2 months
• ri- for further 4 months
• 6 month regime

Question 24

what is used to treat candidias

Answer 24

• flucanazole
• azole in general

Question 25

what are some treatment for autoimmunity

Answer 25

• anti cytokines antibodies (e.g. anti tnf in rheumatoid arthiritis)
• therapies that target t cell activation (ctla-4 ig inhibit t cell activation by blocking co stimulation)
• cellular depletion such as b cell depletion in multiple sclerosis