drugs Flashcards
example of a beta lactam
- penicillin
- cephalosporin
- carbapenems
example of penicillin
- amoxcillin
example of glycopeptides
vancomycin
what two classes of antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis
- beta lactams
- glycopeptides
what three classes of antibioitcs inhbit protein synthesis
- aminoglycosids
- macrolide
- tetracycline
example of aminoglycosides
- gentamicin
example of macrolide
- erythromycin
how does macrolide inhibit protein synthesis
- prevent peptide bond forming between adjacent amino acids
what are examples of drugs who inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
- quinolones
example of quinolones
ciprofloxacin
what antibiotics are anti-folate
- trimethoprim
what drugs intefer with cell membrane of microbes
- azole (flucanazole)- inhibit fungal cell membrane synthesis
- polymyxin - inhibt bacteria cell membrane synthesis
what is an example of an anti-viral drug
aciclovir
how does aciclovir work
- activated when viral protein thymidine kinase is present
- inhibit dna polymerase
- it is nucleoside analog
examples of drugs used for anti-retroviral therapy
- lencapavir - capsid inhibitor
- maravoric- acts as an antagonist and binds to CCR5 receptor (chemokine receptor) on host cell, this prevents entry of HIV into cd4 t cells
- tenefovir (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
- protease inhibitor
- integrase inhibitor
what is HAART
- highly active anti retroviral therapy
what is an example of a monoclonal antibody treatment used for b lymphoma
- rituximab
- monoclonal antibody which binds to cd20/cd19 receptor on b cells
- this activates the complement (leads to membrane attack complex), t cells, macrophages
what is chimeric antigen t cells (CAR)
- another type of treatment for cancers specifically b lymphoma
- t cells taken out of patient and genetically enginered in lab and a gene is inserted which causes the t cells to express chimeric antigen
- t cells are put back in patient and the t cells with the antigens bind to cd20 and cd19 proteins on cancer b cells this activates the t cell and leads to cytokine storm
what are drugs used for transfusion reactions and how do they work
- tacrolimus
- rapamycin
- cyclosporin
- block IL-2 receptor which prevents t cells activation, differentiation etc
what are drugs used for type 1 hypersensitivity
- anti histamines
- cortiocsteroids
- omalizumab - immunotherapy- monoclonal antibody that blocks binding of Ige to receptor on mast cell
- slit- low dose of allergens given
what can be given for acute viral infections
- corticosteroids (dexamethasone)
what antibiotics are used to treat streptococcus pyogenes
- benzylpenicillin
- clindamycin (macrolide antibiotic)
what antibiotics are given for m.tb
- ripe
- ripe for 2 months
- ri- for further 4 months
- 6 month regime
what is used to treat candidias
- flucanazole
- azole in general
what are some treatment for autoimmunity
- anti cytokines antibodies (e.g. anti tnf in rheumatoid arthiritis)
- therapies that target t cell activation (ctla-4 ig inhibit t cell activation by blocking co stimulation)
- cellular depletion such as b cell depletion in multiple sclerosis
