autoimmune disease Flashcards
1
Q
how can autoimmune diseases be divided into
A
- organ specific (diabetes, hashimotos thyroiditis, graves disease, myasthenia gravis, good pastures syndrome)
- systemic (systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
2
Q
what can mutations in the foxp3 gene cause
A
- IPEX
- onset within first months of birth
- > 80 of IPEX patients have type 1 diabetes
3
Q
what are the there factors that can lead to autoimmunity
A
- genetics (MHC most polymorphic gene- largest contributor to autoimmunity)
- environment (infection)
- immune regulation
4
Q
what can mutations in gene that codes for CTLA-4 cause
A
- impaired t reg function
- impaired inhibitory checkpoint
- leads to RA
5
Q
what is the concordance of autoimmune disease between twins
A
- low concordance
6
Q
what ar the environmental factors that can affect autoimmune susceptibility
A
- infection
- diet
- stress
- sunlight
- obesity
- drugs
- microbiome
7
Q
how can microbiome cause autoimmunity
A
- can cause certain cells to express co stimulatory molecules such as B7 this allows T cells to be activated (anergy fails)
8
Q
how can an infection cause autoimmunity
A
- immunopathology
- molecular mimicry
- post strep glomerulonephritis
- immune cells mistake are own cells as the foreign pathogen due to similar chemical composition and structure
9
Q
is autoimmune disease more common in men or women
A
women
10
Q
what is the mechanism of myasthenia gravis
A
- autoantibodies bind to acetycholine and act as antagonist
- blocking of receptor
- activate complement and cause inflammation
- also prevent impulse conduction can lead to neuromuscular deformities and can lead to type 2 respiratory failure and intrinsic cause restrictive lung disease
11
Q
what is the mechanism for graves disease
A
- overstimulation of thyroid
- type 5 hypersensitivity
- autoantibodies acts as agonist
12
Q
what is are examples of T cell mediated destruction
A
- multiple sclerosis
- T cell attack of CNS
- slower nerve condiuction, axonal injury and neurological dysfunction
- diabetes type 1
- systemic lupus (autoantibodies against nuclear components, immune complex deposition in skin, kidney and joints)
13
Q
how to treat autoimmunity
A
- anti cytokines antibodies
- therapies that target T cell activation
- cellular depletion (B cell depletion)
14
Q
what can be CAR T cell used for
A
- autoimmunity
- replace B cell depletion
- car antigens which bind to cd19/cd20 cells on surface of B cell
