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Microbiology > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

penecillin

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

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2
Q

how does penecillin work

A

B lactam ring
prevents cross link of polypeptides interfere with cell wall construction

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3
Q

cycloserine

A

targets cell wall

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4
Q

how does cycloserine work

A

inhibits side chain on NAM

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5
Q

bacitracin

A

targets cell wall

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6
Q

use of bacitracin

A

topic application against gram positive

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7
Q

how does bacitracin work

A

bind to bactoprenol lipid carrier
inhibits transport of peptidoglycan

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8
Q

vancomycin

A

targets cell wall

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9
Q

use of vancomycin

A

last line against MRSA

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10
Q

how does vancomycin work`

A

inhibit peptide side chain

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11
Q

cephalosporin

A

target cell wall

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12
Q

how does cephalosporin work

A

different b lactam
inhibit cross link of peptide side chain

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13
Q

teixobactin

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

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14
Q

use of teixobactin

A

against resistant gram positives

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15
Q

how does teixobactin work

A

inhibit cross link of peptide side chain

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16
Q

isoniazid

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

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17
Q

how does isoniazid work

A

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacteria

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18
Q

ethambutol

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

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19
Q

how does ethambutul work

A

inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid into cell wall

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20
Q

nitrofuritan

A

inhibits protien synthesis

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21
Q

use of nitrofuritian

A

treat UTIs

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22
Q

how does nitrofuritan work

A

attack bacterial ribosomal protiens

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23
Q

chloramphenical

A

inhibits protien synthesis

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24
Q

use of chloramphenical

A

suppress bone marrow and affect blood cell form

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25
Q

how does chloromphenical work

A

inhibit peptide bond formation
bind to 50S of 70S

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26
Q

aminoglycosides

A

inhibit protien synthesis

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27
Q

what can aminoglycosides do

A

cause auditory damage

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28
Q

how does aminoglycoside work

A

change shape of 30S of 70S ribosome

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29
Q

tetracyclines

A

inhibit protien synthesis
broad spectrum

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30
Q

how does tetracycline work

A

interfere with TRNA attachment to ribosomes

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31
Q

glycylcyclines

A

inhibit protien synthesis

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32
Q

use of glycylclines

A

MRSA and multi drug resistance
actinobacter baumannii

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33
Q

what do glycylclines do

A

bind to 30S ribosomal sub
inhibit rapid efflux
intravenous

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34
Q

macrolides

A

inhibit protien synthesis

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35
Q

what do macrolides do

A

used against gram positive
have macrocyclic lactone ring

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36
Q

streptogramins

A

inhbit protien synthesis

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37
Q

how does streptogamins work

A

attach to 50S subunit

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38
Q

use of streptogamin

A

gram positive
resistant to others

39
Q

oxazolidinones

A

inhibit protien synthesis

40
Q

how do oxazolidinones work

A

bind to 50s/30s subunit interface

41
Q

use of oxazolidinones

A

synthetic MRSA

42
Q

pleuromutilins

A

inhibit protien synthesis

43
Q

what are pleuromutilins used for

A

topic, gram positive
retapamulin

44
Q

daptomycin

A

injury to membrane

45
Q

what does daptomycin do

A

attack bacterial cell membrane
produced by streptomyces

46
Q

polymycin B and E

A

injury to membrane

47
Q

what does polymyxin B and E do

A

topical, bactericidal
synthesis of membrane

48
Q

Rifamycin

A

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

49
Q

how does rifamycin work

A

inhibit mrna
penetrates tissue, antitubercular activity

50
Q

quinolone/ fluoroquinolone

A

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

51
Q

what does quinolone/ fluoroquinolone do

A

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

nalioxic acid: inhibit DNA gyrase
gemi/moxi: newer version

52
Q

sulfonamides

A

inhbit nucleic, folic and protien acid synthesis

53
Q

how do sulfonamides work

A

inhibit synthesis of folic acid
need NA and protien synthesis

54
Q

what does sulfonamide bind to enzymes to do

A

PABA -> dihydro acid

55
Q

polyenes

A

affect fungal sterols

56
Q

how do polyenes work

A

interrupts synthesis of ergosterols, making membrane excessively permeable

57
Q

azoles

A

affect fungal sterols

58
Q

use of azoles

A

imidorzoles: cutaenous mycoses
triazole: systemic fungi

59
Q

how do azoles work

A

interrupt synthesis of ergosterols, making the membrane excessively permeable

60
Q

allylamines

A

affect fungal sterols

61
Q

what do allylamines do

A

interrupt synthesis of ergosterols, making membrane permeable

62
Q

echinocandins

A

affect fungal cell wall

63
Q

what do echinocandins do

A

inhibit synthesis of B glucan

64
Q

flucytosine

A

inhibit nucleic acid

65
Q

griseofluvin

A

inhibit mitosis

66
Q

what do griseofluvin do

A

inhibit formation of microtubules
produced by penecillin

67
Q

tolnafate

A

inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

68
Q

use of tolnafate

A

atheletes foot

69
Q

pentamidine

A

inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

70
Q

use of pentamidine

A

anti-pneumocystis

71
Q

what can pentamidine do

A

bind to dna

72
Q

protease inhibitors

A

inhibits assembly

73
Q

use of protease inhibitors

A

paxlovid - COVID 19

74
Q

what do protease inhibitors do

A

block cleavage of protien precursors

75
Q

exit inihibits

A

inhibits neuroaminidase, required for some viruses to bud from host cell

76
Q

interferions

A

inhibit spread

77
Q

how are interferons produced

A

viral infected cells
Imiquids: promotes it

78
Q

antiretrovirals

A

interfere with replication

79
Q

how does antiretrovirals work

A

RNA

80
Q

quinone and chloroquine (antiprotozoan)

A

interfere with digestion of hemoglobin

81
Q

use of quinone and chloquine

A

malaria

82
Q

artemisinin (antiprotozoan)

A

kills plasmodium

83
Q

use of artemisinin

A

malaria

84
Q

what do metronidazole, tinidazole, nitazoxanide work against

A

trichomas, giardiasis, amebic dysentry

85
Q

metronidazole
tinidazole
nitazoxanide
(antiprotozoan)

A

interferes with anaerobic bacteria

86
Q

miltefosine (antiprotozoan)

A

inhibits cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria

87
Q

what is miltedosine used for

A

ambeic encephalitis
leishmaniasis

88
Q

niclosamide (antihelminth)

A

prevents atp production

89
Q

niclosamide use

A

tapeworms

90
Q

praziquantel (antihelminth)

A

alter membrane permeability

91
Q

praziquantel use

A

tapeworms, flukes

92
Q

mebendazole, albendazole

A

interfere with intestinal helminths

93
Q

ivermectin

A

paralysis of helminths

94
Q

use of ivermectin

A

roundworm, mites

Microbiology (7 decks)

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