Drugs.

Question 1

Define Doping.

Answer 1

In Competitive sports, doping refers to the use of banned performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors.

Question 2

List the Social Reasons Performers might take Drugs.

Answer 2

Win at all Costs.
With success comes Fame and Fortune.
Coaches, Family and Media - Pressure to win.
Lack of effective deterrents to stop taking Drugs.
Belief they won’t get caught.
Poor Role Models.

Question 3

List the Psychological Reasons Performers might take Drugs.

Answer 3

Beta Blockers are used to Steady Nerves.
Anabolic Steroids to increase Aggression and Training Capabilities.
Stimulants to increase Confidence.

Question 4

What are Stimulants?

Answer 4

Drugs that induce a temporary improvement in mental and physical function.

Question 5

What is THG?

Answer 5

A banned steroid which is used to increase Power, it was tweaked by chemists to make undetectable.

Question 6

What is EPO?

Answer 6

A hormone that is naturally produced by the Kidneys.
Can be artificially produced, increases performance in endurance athletes.

Question 7

What are Anabolic Steriods?

Answer 7

Artificially produced hormone.

Question 8

What are the Benefits to the Performer? [Anabolic Steriods]

Answer 8

Promotes muscle growth - increase strength and power.
Can train for longer at higher intensities - used to decrease fatigue.

Question 9

Who would use Anabolic Steroids?

Answer 9

Power athletes e.g. sprinters, shot putters

Question 10

List the side effects of Anabolic Steroids.

Answer 10

Liver damage.
Heart and Immune system problems.
Acne.
Behaviour changes e.g. aggression and mood swings.

Question 11

What are Beta Blockers?

Answer 11

Help to calm the performer down and decrease anxiety.
Counteracts adrenaline by preventing it binding nerve receptors.

Question 12

What are the Benefits to the Performer? [Beta Blockers]

Answer 12

Improves accuracy in precision sports through steadying the nerves.
Calm performance - keep HR low.

Question 13

Who would use Beta Blockers?

Answer 13

High-precision Sports e.g. Archery, Snooker, Golf.

Question 14

List the side effects of Beta-Blockers.

Answer 14

Tiredness due to low blood pressure and lower heart rate.
Decreased aerobic capacity.

Question 15

What is EPO?

Answer 15

Natural hormones.
Increase red blood cells.
Artificially manufactured.
Increased Haemoglobin levels.

Question 16

What are the Benefits to the Performer? [EPO]

Answer 16

More red blood cells - Increase in oxygen-carrying capacity of the body.
Increases endurance and delays the onset of fatigue.

Question 17

Who would use EPO?

Answer 17

Endurance performers - cyclists/long-distance runners.

Question 18

List the side effects of EPO.

Answer 18

Blood clotting.
Strokes.
In extreme [rare] cases, death.

Question 19

What are NADOs?

Answer 19

National Anti-Doping Organisations.
Government-funded organizations are responsible for testing national athletes in and out of competition.

Question 20

List the Negative Implications of Drugs in Sport.

Answer 20

Threatens spirit and integrity.
Damages the reputation of the sport and reduces interest.

Question 21

List the Negative Implications of Drugs on the Performer.

Answer 21

Health risks.
Negative role models set bad examples.
Negative social consequences loss of positive reputation.
Damaged future career prospects - loss of income.
Fined/banned - stripped of medals and earnings, even jailed.
Social isolation from peers - damage to individuals’ emotions and well-being.

Question 22

List the Arguments For Drug Testing.

Answer 22

The battle against drugs is expensive/time-consuming.
Too easy to get drugs in Society and, therefore difficult to eliminate.
Money spent on testing could be better spent on Participation.
Drugs aid in faster recovery.
Health risks decrease if the drug is properly monitored.
Difficult to define what is a drug compared to a legal supplement.

Question 23

List the Arguments Against Drug Testing.

Answer 23

Negative Role Models.
Health Risks to the Performer.
Immoral, Unfair advantage, Unethical.
High risks if the Performer is Caught.
Illegal.
Against the Fair Play Ethic which is encouraged.
Only rich Performers/Countries can afford them.