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ENDO/REPRO > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

demeclocycline

A

-ADH antagonist–>causes Nephrogenic DI

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2
Q

conivaptan,tolvaptan,demeclocycline ?

A

-ADH antagonist.
-SIADH (volume overloas)–>salt tablets,IN Hypertonic fluids(3%solution), FLUID RESTRICTION.

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3
Q

Lactate Ringer and 5% Dextrose we give it what?

A

-273 osmolality.

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4
Q

What do you give for the following hypopituitarism?
-GH
-TSH
-ACTH
-

A

-GH
-Levothyroxine
-Hydrocortisone
-Hydrocortisone

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5
Q

Ocreotide?

A

-Somatostatin analog–>Pituitary Adenoma relating GH (ACromegaly and Gigantism)

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6
Q

Bromocriptine and Gabergolin ??

A

-Dopamine agonist
-Use for Prolactinoma.

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7
Q

Reserpine

A

-Dopamine inhibitor–>causes Prolactinoma

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8
Q

What is treatment for Acromegaly? (2)

A

-Ocreotide (Somatostatin analog)
-Pegvisomat (GH recep inhibitor)\

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9
Q

Ocreotide other function?

A

-Treat for Chronic Pancreatitis–>atrophy and calcification that lead to insufficency–>10% of pancrea is working and bot able to secrete H and reabs fat (includes vitamins).Giving drug decr pancreatic workload and help the pain

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10
Q

Where is IGF1 made?

A

-GH acts liver–>forms IGF1

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11
Q

Leuprolide

A

-GnRH agonist
Continous–>blocks–>BPH (think pathogenesis)
Pulsatile–>Stimulator.

-Leuprolide is a GnRH agonist used in the **treatment of men with prostate cancer. **Continuous use leads to downregulation of testosterone production. Initially, the agonist action increases testosterone, causing a tumor flare. To prevent this, flutamide, a competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor, is added until downregulation of testosterone is complete.

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12
Q

Mescarmine ?

A

-IGF-1 analog
-Laron Dwarfisim

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13
Q

Cosyntropin-
-Where do you give it?

A

Cosyntropin- ACTH agonist
-Diag ACTH defcicency (give it and see).
-Given to differentiate Primary and Secondary adrenal insufficency.

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14
Q

Atosiban

Follitropin-

Leuprolide-

Ganirelix

Bromocriptine

A

Atosiban - oxytocin and vasopressin antagonist

Follitropin-FSH agonist

Leuprolide- GnRH agonist–>**Pre-cocious puberty. **

Ganirelix – GnRH receptor blocker.Prevention of LH surge

Bromocriptine – D2 receptor agonist

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15
Q

Teriparatide/Naptara??

A

-Action depends on use: PTH analogs no matter what.
Long term–>bone resorption
Pulsatile (once a day/low dose)–>Bone deposition,Osteoporosis

R.F: incr bone tumors

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16
Q

Alendronate,ibandronate,risedronate*,zoledronate.

A

Bisphosphonates: inhibits osteoclast ctivity.

Use: Osteoporosis (along side Teriparatide)
,hypercalcemia,Paget disease of bone,metastatic bone disease,osteogenesis imperfecta

Esophagitis (if taken orally,patients are advised to take with water and remain upright for 30 minutes),osteo-necrosis of jaw,atypical femoral stress fractures.
-Esophagitis–>Hematemesis (due to blood in vomiting).

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17
Q

What do you give in patient with Hypocalcemia (CKD,osteoporosis,prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis,HypoPTH

A

Calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate
A.E:constipation.

18
Q

Vit D medication and use?

A

-Cholecalciferol,Ergocarciferol,Calciderol (giving specially in renal insufficecny)

-Use:osteomalacia,ricktess,hypoPTH,vit D defic.

19
Q

Denusumab

A

-Monoclonal antibody against RANKL (inhibits gene expression of osteoclast).Mimmics OPG.

20
Q

Selective estrogen modulator that acts only on bone as agonits estrogen recept.

A

Raloxifine.
A.E:incr risk of thrombolytic events
-NO risk for endometrial cancer.

21
Q

Sensitizes calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR) in parathyroid gland to circulating Ca2+ PTH.

A

Cinacalcet.
-USED:2°hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD receiving hemodialysis,hypercalcemiain 1°hyperparathyroidism (if parathyroidectomy fails),or in parathyroid carcinoma.

A.E:hypocalcemia.

22
Q

Levothyroxine (T4)
Liothyronine(T3)
Liotrix (mixed T3 and T4)

A

Synthetic Thyroid H, weight loss
-Liotrix serves NO other function.

23
Q

Why Beta blocker like Propanol usefull for Hyperthyroidism?

A

Blocks effects of excessive Beta recep.

24
Q

Inhibition of Thyroid peroxidase + 5 deodinase?

A

-PTU (Propilthirouracil)
-Used for Hyperthyroidism and 1Trimester of pregnancy

25
Q

Thionamides??

A

PTU and methimazole
Both inhibit thyroid peroxidase.

AE: Skin rash,agranulocytosis(rare),aplastic anemia,hepatotoxicity.

PTU use has been associated with ANCA-positive vasculitis.

Methimazole is a possible teratogen (can cause aplasia cutis).

26
Q

What do you treat a patient that comes with hyperthyroidsim and massive incr tempeture, Incr HR–>after acute infection?

A

-PTU,Prednisone,Iodine,Propanolol

27
Q

Why PTU is not giving at 2-3 trimester?

A

-Is **hepatotoxicity. **

28
Q

PTU and methimatozole mayor side effects?
and how can they present

A

-Agranulocytosis–> recurrent infections and aplastic anemia.

29
Q

Methimazole not used in first trimester?

A

-Aplastic cutis (skin abnormalities),esophageal atresia, choanal atresia.

30
Q

Finasteride??

A

-Inhb 5 alpha reductase.
-Given BPH and Hair growth.

31
Q

Sevelamer??

A

-Inhib Phosphate reabsp in GI
-Used in CKD Hyperphosphatemia.

32
Q

Flutamide??

A

GnRH recep blocker
-Prostate cancer.

33
Q

What do we treat 1* Hyperaldosteronism?

A

Spironolactone

34
Q

Dehidroepiandrosterone
Fludocortisone
Mifepristone

A

-Androgen agonist
-Minerocorticoid (Aldosterone) agonist.Used:Addison disease.
-Progesterone antagonist (used for abortions)

35
Q

Metyrapone

A

11aBeta Hydroxylase inhb.(inhib cortisol syntjesis)

36
Q

Metronidazole
AE

A

-Anti-protozoal (Trhiconamos Vaginalis, Bacterial Vaginosis)
-Forms free radicals in bacterial cell–>DNA strand breakage

-Used also in Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium perfringens, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia.

-AE–>Disulfiram Reaction

37
Q

What bact. treats anaerobic infect above waist and what other treats below waits?

A

-Above–>Clindamycin
Below–>Metronidazole

38
Q

Mescarmine
Methimazole
Metyrapone
Metronidazole

A

-IGF-1 analog
-Thyroid Peroxidase inhib.
-11 Beta Hydoxylase inhibitor
-Anti-tropozoal ( below diaphragm anaerobic organism)

39
Q

What drugs incr Prolactin rel?

A

-OCP,Pregnancy–>estrogen
and Antipsycotics–> decr spermatogenesis and mestrual cycle.m

40
Q

Which anti-psycotic is most likely to cause Hyperprolactenemia?
Haloperidol or rasperidone

Does Lithium have same effects?

A

Haloperidol–>Typical (2 gen)->higher affinity for D2 receptors.

-Liyhium is NOT a D2 blockers

41
Q

Leupralide used (3)

A

-Prostatic Adenocarcinoma, Endometriosis, Precocius puberty.

-GnRH analog–>give it continously –>decr GnRH recep in hypothalamus–>decr LH and FSH–>DECR estrogen and testosterone.

ENDO/REPRO (10 decks)

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