Drugs

Question 1

alpha 1 antagonist (3)

Answer 1

Tamsulosin (BPH)
Terazosin (BPH, HTN)
Prazosin (HF, HTN)
(–osin)

Question 2

Alpha & Beta antagonist (2)

Answer 2

Labetalol (Pregnant HTN)

Carvedilol (HF)

Question 3

Beta 1 blocker (2)

Answer 3

Metoprolol

Atenolol

Question 4

Non-selective Beta blockers (2)

Answer 4

Propanolol

Timolol

Question 5

Non-selective Alpha antagonist (2)

Answer 5

Phenoxybenzamine (long-acting: Pheochroma)

Phentolamine (short-acting)

Question 6

Alpha 1 agonist causes what response? (3)

Answer 6

Vasculature constriction  (HTN)
Pupillary dilation (Mydriasis)
Use of  stored sugar (glycogenolysis)

Question 7

Beta 1 agonist cause what response?

Answer 7

Increases heart rate/force of contraction

Question 8

Beta 2 agonist cause what response? (2)

Answer 8

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles (breath better)

Uterine muscle relaxes

Question 9

Alpha 1 antagonist cause what response?

3

Answer 9

Vasodilation (decr BP)
Myosis
decreased glycogenolysis

Question 10

Beta 1 antagonist cause what response?

Answer 10

Decreased heart rate and contractility

Question 11

Beta 2 antagonist cause what response?

2

Answer 11

Broncho-constrict (hard to breath)

Uterine muscle contracts

Question 12

Anticholinergic drugs

10

Answer 12

Ipratropium (COPD)
tiotropium (COPD)
Benztropine (Parkinson  ↓ dopamine) 
trihexyphenidyl (Parkinson   ↓ dopamine)
Oxybutynin ( ↓ detrusor hyperactivity- Antimuscarinic) 
Diphenhydramine (anti-histamine)
Hydroxyzine (anti-histamine)
Doxylamine (anti-histamine)
Scopolamine (anti-emetic)
Atropine  (dilate pupils & tx for 
 cholinergic toxicity or bradycardia) 
Belladonna 
Vecuronium & Succinylcholine  (neuromuscular blockade in surgeries)

Question 13

anticholinergic toxicity effects

Answer 13

General: Hyperthermia and anhidrosis, ↓ saliva/tear production
(HOT as a hare)
(DRY as a bone)

Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, flushing, and arrhythmias
(FAST as a Fiddle)
(RED as a beet)

HEENT: Blurred vision, mydriasis, narrow-angle glaucoma, and vision loss
(BLIND as a bat)

Gastrointestinal: ↓ gut motility, absent bowel sounds, vomiting

Genitourinary: Urinary retention
(FULL as a flask)

Toxicity: agitation, confusion, delirium, and seizures
(MAD as a hatter)

Question 14

Antimuscarinics are a subtype of ___ drugs.

Answer 14

Anticholinergic drugs

Anticholinergics refer to agents that block cholinergic/ acetylcholine receptors.

Anticholinergics are divided into 2 categories:
antimuscarinics
antinicotinics

Question 15

The clinical picture of sympathomimetic and anticholinergic can appear similar.

Both may have agitation, confusion, delirium, seizures, tachycardia, HTN, fever, and MYDRIASIS.

Distinguishing characteristics for anticholinergic syndrome are

Answer 15

dry skin
absent bowel sounds
urinary retention

(Sympathomimetic cause sweating, hyperactive bowel sounds, no pee retention)

Question 16

Sympathomimetics include (5)

Answer 16

Caffeine
Cocaine
Amphetamines
LSD
Meth

Question 17

Cholinergic drugs include ()

Answer 17

Organic Phosphorous Compounds (Parathion, Malathion), 
SARIN nerve gas,
Pilocarpine  (Glaucoma, Sjogren's) 
Betanechol (Urinary retention)  
Carbachol (Glaucoma)
Choline

Question 18

Cholinergic/muscarinic toxicity effects

Answer 18

(Enhance Ach Effects)

SLUDGE (muscarinic)
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diarrhea/Diaphoresis,
GI cramps, Emesis,
Miosis

Question 19

Nicotinic effects (4)

Answer 19

Fasciculations
Muscle Weakness
Paralysis
Tachy

Question 20

Cholinergic toxicity/ Organophosphate poisoning treatment (2)

Answer 20

Atropine (anticholinergic)

Pralidoxime (regenerates cholinesterase in organophosphate poisoning)