Drug Therapy for DM Flashcards
What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis
This occurs primarily in DM1
extremely high blood sugar
altered energy metabolism in the cell from a lack of insulin
What medicine is safe in gestational DM
Metformin/ glyburide/ insulin
Rapid- Acting Insulin
rapid onset, short duration of action
starts to work in 15 min peaks in 2.5 hours, lasts 5 hours
Used as a bolus (quick acting like for meals)
Long-acting Insulin
Slower absorption, prolonged action
starts to work in one hour, no peak, lasts 24 hours
acts as basal (consistent management)
Short Acting Insulin
Onset in 30 mins but lasts 8 hours
often used for DKA
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
increased anxiety, blurred vision, chilly sensation, cold sweat, pallor, confusion, difficulty concentrating, drowsiness, headache, nausea, increased pulse, shakiness, increased appetite, increased weakness
Metformin MOA
increases the use of glucose by muscle and fat cells decreases hepatic glucose production and decreases intestinal absorption
Nursing implications/ Adverse effects of metformin
can cause loose stool, make sure pt doesn’t become hypoglycemic, monitor for lactic acidosis
no alcohol while taking this
Clinical Indications for use of Metformin
Insulin resistance
Sulfonylureas Prototype Drug(s)
glyburide/glipizide/glimepiride
Sulfonylureas MOA
increase the secretion of insulin; which will bring blood sugar down
Clinical Indications for use of Sulfonylureas
elevated serum glucose levels
Adverse effects and nursing implication for Sulfonylureas
Has the potential to make the pt hypoglycemic
contraindicated for use during pregnancy, renal and hepatic impairment, and critical illness
Labs: Createnin and BUN
Sodium-Glucose Cotransport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) Prototype
Canagliflozin
canagliflozin (SGLT2) MOA
blocks reabsorption of glucose in the kidney; promotes excretion of excess glucose in the urine; renal protection decreasing protein loss
