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Pharm > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

what are the beta-Lactam Anti-bacterials

A

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams

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2
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action for Penicillins

A

Inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall which produces a defective cell wall which destroys the microorganism

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3
Q

is penicillin a broad spectrum atb

A

Yes

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4
Q

How does postabsorbtion look for penicillin

A

It is widely distributed and archives therapeutic concentration in most body fluids and is rapidly excreted in the kidneys

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5
Q

What are the contraindications for use of penicillin

A

A pt who is allergic to the drug or anything it is prepared with like eggs
it would also be contraindicated for use in people who have allergies to cephalosporins and carbapenems

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6
Q

Prototype for Extended Spectrum Penicillin/ Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations

A

Amoxicillin and Penicillin

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7
Q

MOA for penicillin/Beta-lactamase Inhibitor combinations

A

Bind with and inactivate beta-lactamase
protects penicillin from destruction and extends PCN’s spectrum of efficacy

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8
Q

What type of bacteria would you use a Cephalosporins

A

gram-negative and gram-positive
this is because it is a broad spectrum but this Is actually more effective against gram-negative than PCNs

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9
Q

What are the clinical indications for use of Cephalosporins

A

Surgical prophylaxis (prevention of surgical site infection)
Treatment of infections (respiratory tract infections, UTI, skin, soft tissue etc,)

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10
Q

Contraindications for Cephalosporins

A

Previous anaphylactic to PCN or cephalosporin allergy

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11
Q

What are Carbapenems

A

Broad-spectrum, bactericidal beta-lactam antimicrobials

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12
Q

MOA for Carbapenems

A

Inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls by binding with penicillin-binding proteins

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13
Q

What kind of bacteria would you use Monobactum against

A

gram-negative bacteria

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14
Q

Clinical Indications for the use of Monobactum

A

urinary tract, skin/skin structure, lower respiratory tract, intra-abdominal, gynecologic infections, sepsis

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15
Q

Aminoglycosides drug class prototype

A

Gentamicin
for serious gram-negative infections

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16
Q

Fluoroquinolones drug class prototype

A

Ciprofloxacin

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17
Q

Gentamicin (aminoglycosides) MOA

A

bactericidal, penetrate bacterial cell walls, preventing bacterial synthesis of proteins necessary for replication

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18
Q

Clinical indications for use of gentamicin (aminoglycosides)

A

serious systemic infections
susceptible aerobic gram-negative organisms

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19
Q

Where you administer Gentamicin

A

Parenteral only; best absorbed IM or IV because it is poorly absorbed in the GI tract and if given orally it will distribute effects locally

20
Q

What would you assess before administering the gentamicin

A

lab values, WBC, IV sites

21
Q

Nursing Implications for Gentamicin (aminoglycosides)

A

There can be high concentrations in the kidney and inner ear
Nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity

22
Q

Aminoglycoside Toxicity guidelines

A

High risk: very old or very young
keep pt’s well hydrated
given no longer than 10 days
detect adverse effects quickly

23
Q

MOA for Fluroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)

A

Interfere with bacterial DN enzyme synthesis which is required for bacterial growth and development

24
Q

What are the indications for the use of ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)

A

various infections by the aerobic gram and other organisms
active against gram-negative and gram-positive

25
Q

Contraindications for ciprofloxacin

A

hypersensitivity, children less than 18 years, pregnant or lactating women

26
Q

Nursing implications for antibiotics

A

preventing frug to drug interactions
assessing for therapeutic effects for s/s of decrease of infection (elevated vitals, inflation, drainage)
assess for adverse effects (yeast)

27
Q

what are Tetracyclines and Sulfonamides

A

older broad-spectrum bacteriostatic
urinary antiseptics

28
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

penetrate microbial cells, inhibiting protein synthesis

29
Q

Clinical Indications for use of tetracyclines

A

animal bites and Lyme disease, chlamydia infections, adjunct in STD tx/ tx of anthrax; long term tx of acne and is used instead of PCN in case of hypersensitivity

30
Q

Contraindications for tetracyclines

A

pregnant women, children less than 8 years, discolor tooth enamel and depress bone growth

31
Q

Administration of tetracyclines

A

the oral route is effective and preferred

32
Q

Special indication for tetracycline

A

medicine decomposes with age, light exposure, extreme heat, and humidity

33
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A
  • halt the multiplication of new bacteria but they do not kill fully mature bacteria
    -bacteriostatic against a wide range of gram-negative and positive microbes
34
Q

Sulfonamide prototype drug

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

35
Q

Indications for Sulfonamide (trimethoprim) use

A

UTI caused by e.coli, proteus, klebsiella organism
- in combo to treat chronic infections
- ulcerative colitis, other uncommon infections
- Topically to prevent burn wound infections, and ocular and other soft tissue infections

36
Q

Urinary Antiseptics Prototype Drug

A

Nitrofurantoin

37
Q

Nitrofurantoin MOA

A

Bactericidal kills the urinary bacteria

38
Q

Loading dose v. maintenance dose

A

the loading dose is twice that of the maintenance dose in order to get the blood to therapeutic levels quickly

39
Q

Macrolide Antibacterial Prototype Drug

A

Erythromycin

40
Q

Erythromycin MOA

A

Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal depending on the drug concentration in the infected tissues
- effective against gram-positive cocci

41
Q

Clinical Indications for use of Erythromycin

A

Respiratory tract and soft tissue infections
PCN sub for allergies
Prophylaxis
Treatment for GU infections
bacterial sinusitis

42
Q

Contraindications for Erythromycin

A

Hypersensitivities, preexisting liver disease, myasthenia gravis

43
Q

Metronidazole clinical indications for use

A

mild to moderate clostridium difficile colitis

44
Q

Nursing implications for Metronidazole

A

increased sodium levels; so caution with HTN pts
Avoid alcoholic beverages or propylene glycol

45
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor, gram-positive antibiotic, fights bacteria in the intestines

46
Q

Vancomycin clinical indications for use

A

bacteria in the intestines

47
Q

Nursing Implications for admin of vancomycin

A

intestinal disorders, diarrhea, Yeat/candida, redman syndrome ( infusion-related reaction)

Pharm (4 decks)

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