Drug Indications Flashcards
What does carbimazole treat and at what dose?
Overactive thyroid: 15-40mg daily until patient becomes euthyroid then reduce to 5-15mg daily.
What does montelukast treat and at what dose?
Asthma:
- 4mg-10mg once daily for children, depending on age
10mg OD for adults, in the evening
What does azathioprine treat and what doses?
It suppresses the immune system, and therefore treats conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s
Arthritis: Up to 2.5mg/kg daily in divided doses
Crohn’s: 2-2.5mg/kg daily
What does circadin (melatonin) treat and at what dose?
Short-term insomnia- 2mg OD for up to 13 weeks, 1-2 hours before bedtime
What does zopiclone treat and at what dose?
Insomnia (short-term)-
Adults: 7.5mg OD for up to 4 weeks at bedtime
Elderly: 3.75mg OD for up to 4 weeks at bedtime, up to 7.5mg if necessary
What does sulfasalazine treat and at what dose?
Ulcerative colitis and crohn’s, also rheumatoid arthritis sometimes
Active Crohn’s: 1-2g QDS until remission, orally
Maintenance of Crohn’s remission: 500mg QDS orally
What does methotrexate treat?
Rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, ectopic pregnancy
What does olanzapine treat and at what dose?
Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia
Schizophrenia/bipolar: 10mg daily, adjusted to 5-20mg according to response
What does carbocisteine treat and at what dose?
COPD, it reduces sputum viscosity
- Initially 2.25g daily in divided doses, then reduced to 1.5g daily in divided doses as condition improves
What does bumetanide treat and at what dose?
Fluid retention:
- Adult: 1mg in the morning then 1mg after 6-8 hours if required
-Elderly: 500mcg daily
What does mycophenolate treat?
Organ rejection mostly
What does doxazosin treat and at what dose?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension (less preferred for high BP)
BPH and hypertension- immediate release initially 1mg OD, can be doubled at intervals of 1-2 weeks. Usually 2-4mg maintenance.
- Modified release 4mg OD, can be up to 8mg daily.
What does hyoscine butylbromide treat and at what dose?
Stomach cramps and IBS
-IBS: 10mg TDS, increased if needed to 20mg QDS
What do methylphenidate (Mediknet, concerta etc) tablets treat?
ADHD and, to a lesser extent, narcolepsy
What does dosulepin treat and at what dose?
TCA that treats depression, especially where sedation is required
- 75mg daily in divided doses taken at bedtime, increased if necessary to 75-150mg.
What does domperidone treat?
Nausea and vomiting
What does trazodone treat?
Depression
What can steroids be used to treat?
Allergies, certain types of cancers, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders
What does tolterodine treat?
Frequent urination and urinary incontinence.
What does tamsulosin treat?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
What are glycerol suppositories used for?
To remove stool from the back passage
What does colchicine treat?
Inflammation/pain- flare-ups of gout
What is desmopressin used for?
Diabetes insipidus (water diabetes) and noctural enuresis (bedwetting)
What is quinine sulfate used for?
Leg cramps/restless legs, and also malaria
What is Abacavir used for?
HIV infection in combination with other antiretroviral drugs
600mg daily in 1-2 divided doses
Aspirin Overview
-CVD secondary prevention: 75mg OD
-Analgesia: 300-900mg 4-6hourly
-Pre-eclampsia prevention: 75-150mg OD from 12 weeks gestation
-STEMI/NSTEMI: 300mg chewed or dispersed
.
What is the difference between Primary prevention and Secondary prevention?
Primary= actions taken by an individual, e.g. losing weight, healthy diet etc. Can also include preventative medicines, such as low dose of statins to reduce cholesterol.
Secondary= using medication to reduce the risk in high-risk individuals, such as those with known CVD or with previous events such as TIA, MI etc.
What is ropinirole used for?
Parkinsons
What are some infections that macrolide antibiotics (eg. erythromycin) treat?
Respiratory infections (pneumonia, whooping cough, chlamydia and mycoplasma infection)
Skin infections
What is pizotifen used for?
Preventing migraines
Besides being an antidepressant, what else can duloxetine be used for?
-To manage stress urinary incontinence in women
-Nerve pain
What is acamprosate used for?
Indicated for therapy to maintain abstinence in alcohol dependent patients by reducing cravings
What is amantadine used for, and why is it cautioned in congestive heart failure?
Used in Parkinsons, and can exacerbate oedema
What is Selegiline used for?
Used to manage Parkinson’s- it can cause hair loss as a side effect.
Early treatment with this drug can delay the need for levodopa therapy
What is vigabatrin used for?
Epilepsy- it can cause visual defects
Fludrocortisone is indicated for treating postural hypotension.
True or False?
True
What is dapoxetine indicated for?
Managing premature ejaculation
What is oxytocin indicated for?
The induction of labour
Which electrolyte imbalance can pamidronate be used to correct?
Hypercalcaemia
