Drug Impaired Driving Flashcards
Drug Defined
Drug is any substance which, when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.
Seven Drug Categories
CNS Depressants
CNS Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Dissociative Anesthetics
Narcotic Analgesic
Inhalants
Cannabis
3 Categories of drugs that induce nystagmus
Depressants
Inhalants
Dissociative Anesthetic
6 Subcategories of CNS depressants
-Barbiturates
-Non Barbiturates
-Anti anxiety tranquilizers
-Anti-Depressants
-Anti-psychotic tranquilizers
-Combinations
Barbiturates
Mostly taken orally or injected
-Are derivatives of barbituric acids
Non-Barbiturates
-Chloral hydrate
-Methaqualone (ludes)
-Benadryl (Sominex)
-Carisoprodl (Soma)
-Doriden
-Placidyl
Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
-Librium
-Diazapam “Valium”
-Dilantin
-Alprazolam “Zanax”
Lorazepam “Ativan”
Anti-Depressants
Generally prescribed to combat clinical depression, for this reason they are also called the”Mood elevators”
-Fluoxetine “Prozac”
Phenalzine “Nardil”
Impramine “Tofranil”
Anti-Psychotic tranquilizers
-Chlorpromazine “Thorizine”
-Halperidol “Haldol”
-Lithium Carbonate
-Lithium Citrate
HGN will be visible in what drug category
CSN depressants
“Vertical gaze will be more present when someone took a higher dose”
Indicators of impairment
-Eye indicators
-HGN will be present “If it is a CNS depressant”
-Eyelids may be droopy(Ptosis) and eyes watery
General Depressant indicators
Drowsy
-Thick, slurred speech
-Uncoordinated
-Fumbling
-Flaccid muscle tone
-Sluggish
-Reduced inhibitions
-Impaired divided attention
-Slowed reflexes
-impaired vision
-Impaired judgement
Medical conditions that may seem drug impaired
-Extreme fatigue
-Head injury
-Hypotension
-Severe depression
-Diabetic reaction
-Inner ear disorders
Duration of effects for Barbiturates
-1 to 16 hours
Duration of effects for tranquilizers
- 4 to 8 hours
Duration of effects for Methaqualone
- 4 to 8 hours
Overdose signs
-Shallow breathing
-Cold, clammy skin
-Pupils dilated
-Rapid, weak pulse
-Coma
Hallucination
Is a sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind
Synesthesia
A transportation of the senses, such as hearing colors, seeing or smelling sounds.
A person might see a flash of color whenever the telephone rings
Natural Hallucinogens
Peyote
Psilocybin
Bufotine toad
Nutmeg
Gypsum
Eye indicators of hallucinogens
-Neither Horizontal or vertical nystagmus will be present
-The pupils will be noticeable dilated
Methods of Hallucinogen ingestion
Orally
smoked
transdermal absorption
injected
snorted
Pharmaceutical Amphetamines
Cylert
Prelaudin
Ritalin
Dexedrine benzedrine
Meth is a chemical cousin to?
Amphetamines
Psychophysical results from CNS stimulants
Divided attention impairment
-Starts test to soon
-Accelerated internal clock
-Completes test too quickly
-Rapid and jerky movements
Methods of ingestion for stimulants
Cocaine and methamphetamine can be smoked, snorted, injected, orally
Usually smoked or taken orally
Eye indicators of Stimulants
-Neither horizontal or vertical nystagmus
-Pupils usually noticeably dilated
-Pupils slow to react
General indicators of CNS stimulants
-Restlessness
-Anxiety
-euphoria
-Talkative
-Excitation
-Bruxism (Grinding teeth)
-Body tremors
-Loss of appetite
Redness on nose area
-Running nose
-Pulse rate, Blood pressure and body temp will be elevated
Duration of effects for cocaine
-5 to 90 mins
Duration of effects Amphetamine
- 4 to 8 hours
Duration of effects for Methamphetamine
12 hours
Overdose signs to stimulants
-Agitation
-Panic
-Increased body temp
-Hallucinations
-Convulsions
-Tachycardia
-Arrhythmia
Synthetic hallucinogens
-LDS
-MDMA
-MDA
-STP or DOM
-DMT
-MMDA
General indicators for Hallucinogens
Dazed appearance
-Body tremors
-Perspiring
-Paranoia
-Disorientation
-Nausea
-Difficulty in speech
-Piloerection
-Hallucinations and flashbacks
HGN will be present for PCP
General indicators of PCP
-Blank stare
-Loss of memory
-Perspiring
-Warm to touch
-Slow, Slurred speech
-Cyclic behavior
Dissociative Anesthetic
PCP
Ketamine
PCP overdose symptoms
-Coma
-Seizures and convulsions
-Respiratory depression
-Cardiac problems
The three groups of drugs that may cause muscle rigidity
-Dissociative Anesthetics
-Stimulants
-Hallucinogens
two drug groups that cause muscles to become flaccid
-Narcotic Analgesics
-Depressants
Pupil constriction is also called
Miosis
is seen with narcotic analgesics
Pupil dilation is also called
Mydriasis
it is seen in three categories:
-CNS stimulants
-Hallucinogens
-Cannabis
The normal range size of pupils are
3.0mm to 6.5mm
3 categories of inhalants
-Volatile solvents
-Anesthetic gases
-Aerosols
Depending on the kind of inhalant, the affects can be similar to which drug groups?
Stimulants
Hallicinogens
or depressants
Volatile solvents
Paint
Toluene
Gasoline
Paint thinner
Glue
Anesthetic Gases
Nitrous oxide
Amyl nitrate
ether
Chloroform
Butyl nitrate
Aerosols
Hairspray
pam (Spray cooking oil)
cool whip
air fresheners
freon
deodorants
various hydrocarbon gasses
glass chillers
Indicators of inhalants
-Residue of substance around
nose and mouth
-odor of the substance
-Paper and plastic bags or sacks with a substance in them
-Rags or cloth with the substance in them
Eye indicators for inhalants
-HGN will be generally present
-VGN will be present in high doses for that particular individual
-Pupil size will be normal, but may be dilated with anesthetic gases
-Inhalants will slow reaction to light
Inhalant signs and symptoms
Possible nausea
-Slurred speech
-Disorientation
-confusion
-bloodshot, watery eyes
-Lack of muscle control
-Flushed face
-Intense headache
-Floating sensation
The primary psychoactive ingredient in cannabis is
Delta 9
Tertrahydrocannabinol
What is marinol
Synthetic form of THC
Sinsemilla
A spanish word meaning “without seeds” is a particular variety of cannabis sativa plant
Eye indicators for Cannabis
-HGN will not be present
-Pupil size will be dilated but may be normal
-Whites of the eyes are markedly reddish
-A lack of convergence will be present
General indicators
-Odor of marijuana
-Impaired perception
-Eye lid and body tremors
-Disorientation
-Impairs attention
-Diminished inhibitions
-increased appetite
Cannabis clinical indicators
-Pulse rate will be up
-Blood pressure will be up
-Temp will be normal
-Muscle tone will be normal
-Slowed internal clock
Duration of effects for Marijuana
-Feels within 8-9 seconds
-Usually peaks within 10 to 30 mins
- 2-3 hours-exhibits effects
can last up to 24 hours
Signs and symptoms of Marijuana OD
-Paranoia psychosis
-Lowering of testosterone
-Reduction of attention span
-Lung damage and bronchitis
-Possible birth defects
