Drug - exam questions (multichoice)

Question 1

1. Isoprenoids are synthesized in:
   
   1. Only cytosol
   2. Only plastid
   3. Only mitochondrium
   4. Mitochondrium and plastid
   5. Plastid and cytosol

Answer 1

Plastid and cytosol

Question 2

1. The cation channel TRPM8 is activated by
   
   1. Menthol
   2. Flavonoids
   3. Artemisin

Answer 2

Menthol

Question 3

1. Which compounds are synthesized in the MEP-Pathway
   
   1. Carotenoids
   2. Flavonoids
   3. Brassinosteroids

Answer 3

Carotenoids

Question 4

1. Betalains are:
   
   1. Inhibitors of glycine receptors
   2. Blue-colored pigments that absorb UV light
   3. Dopamine-derived alkaloids

Answer 4

C-Dopamine-derived alkaloids

Question 5

1. Caffeine kills the larvae of the tobacco hornworm by:
   
   1. Competative inhibition of phosphodiesterase
   2. Blocking of the glutamate receptor
   3. Depolarization of microtubules
   4. Or is not toxic to animals

Answer 5

A-Competative inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Question 6

1. Resiniferatoxin
   
   1. Binds to human TPRV1 channels
   2. Is an antidote to muscarin
   3. Is a volatile metabolite used to attract insects for pollination
   4. Induces a cold sensation by shifting the TRPM8 activation unit?

Answer 6

A-Binds to human TPRV1 channels

Question 7

1. The M-Phase of the plant cell cycle does not involve:
   
   1. Microtubules
   2. Alignment of chromosomes at the spindle equator
   3. Centrosomes
   4. Break down of nuclear envelope

Answer 7

C-Centrosomes

1. Centrosomes replicate during S-phase, but move during prophase

Question 8

1. Tobacco hornworm is not killed by nicotine
   
   1. Because the binding site of its nicotine acetylcholine (…)
   2. Nicotine is converted to a harmless metabolite
   3. It only feeds on non-nicotine containing tobacco s…

Answer 8

B-Nicotine is converted to a harmless metabolite

Question 9

1. Cannabinoids are found predominantly
   
   1. In root cortical cells
   2. In glandular trichomes
   3. In cells of vascular bundle
   4. In buds of male plants

Answer 9

B-In glandular trichomes

Question 10

1. Aristolochic acid - X - not sure on answer to this one
   
   1. Can depolarize microtubules
   2. Causes point mutations, gaps and chromosome breaks
   3. Activates intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways
   4. Inhibits BCRP/ABCG2 (ABC transporters)

Answer 10

B-Causes point mutations, gaps and chromosome breaks

1. Wikipedia says potentially works by mutating p53 gene, so maybe this one?

Not sure on answer to this one,

Question 11

1. Plant secondary metabolites are
   
   1. Always specific to plants
   2. Always found also in animals or bacteria
   3. Often employed for plant defense against biotic stress
   4. Specifically made as an attractant for humans to assist seed dispersion

Answer 11

C-Often employed for plant defense against biotic stress

Question 12

1. Which of the following plant secondary metabolites affect the GABA_A/G receptors?
   
   1. Thujone
   2. Coniine
   3. Salvinorin A
   4. Kainic acid

Answer 12

A-Thujone

Question 13

1. Which of the following substance class does not contribute to plant secondary metabolism?
   
   1. Polysaccharides
   2. Ribonucleic acids
   3. Terpenoids
   4. Amino acids
   5. Alkaloids
   6. All of the above contribute

Answer 13

A - Polysaccharides

B - Ribonucleic acids

D - Amino acids

Question 14

1. Which properties are not found in plant heterotrimeric G-Proteins?
   
   1. Fast nucleotide exchanging and slow GTP-Hydrolysis activity
   2. Self-activation
   3. Spontaneous loading with GTP
   4. Usage of GPCRs as GEFs

Answer 14

1. Fast nucleotide exchanging and slow GTP-Hydrolysis activity
2. Self-activation
3. Spontaneous loading with GTP
4. Usage of GPCRs as GEFs
   
   1. not found in plant heterotrimeric g-proteins (is found in animals)

Question 15

1. Plant secondary metabolism is
   
   1. Associated with essential cellular functions
   2. Usually species specific and dispensable
   3. Important to increase plant fitness under laboratory conditions
   4. Detrimental to survival and reproduction in the natural environment

Answer 15

1. Associated with essential cellular functions
2. Usually species specific and dispensable
3. Important to increase plant fitness under laboratory conditions
4. Detrimental to survival and reproduction in the natural environment

Question 16

1. Brazzein is
   
   1. An alkaloid
   2. A diterpene
   3. A protein
   4. A polyacetylene

Answer 16

1. An alkaloid
2. A diterpene
3. A protein
4. A polyacetylene

Question 17

1. Tyrosine is a precursor molecule for the formation of
   
   1. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids
   2. Berberine
   3. Nicotine
   4. Scopolamine
   5. Caffeine

Answer 17

1. Tyrosine is a precursor molecule for the formation of
   
   1. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids
   2. Berberine
   3. Nicotine
   4. Scopolamine
   5. Caffeine

Question 18

1. Polyploidy in plants can be induced by:
   
   1. Colchicine
   2. Combrestatins
   3. Falcarinol
   4. Safranol

Answer 18

1. Colchicine
   
   1. Chromosome segregation driven by microtubules. Inhibits chromosome segregation during meiosis, inducing polyploidy.
2. Combrestatins
3. Falcarinol
4. Safranol

Question 19

1. Cholera toxin
   
   1. Inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases
   2. Blocks ion channels
   3. Inhibits GTPase activity of stimulatory G-Protein alpha subunit
   4. Inhibits phosphodiesterases

Answer 19

1. Inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases
2. Blocks ion channels
3. Inhibits GTPase activity of stimulatory G-Protein alpha subunit
   
   1. Produces ADP-ribosyltransferase specific for Galpha
   2. ADP ribosyl transferred to active site Arg
   3. Galpha activity inhibited
4. Inhibits phosphodiesterases

Question 20

1. The so-called pyschodelic drugs mescalin and psilocin
   
   1. Are tyrosine kinase inhibitors
   2. Bind to a subclass of serotonin receptors
   3. Bind to steroid hormone receptors
   4. Are dopamine receptor antagonists

Answer 20

1. Are tyrosine kinase inhibitors
2. Bind to a subclass of serotonin receptors
   
   1. Hallucinogens bind 5HT2A receptors, a type of serotonin receptor
3. Bind to steroid hormone receptors
4. Are dopamine receptor antagonists

Question 21

1. Notch signaling
   
   1. Occurs between two adjacent cells and is important for the formation of tissue boundaries
   2. Occurs in cells when the receptor is bound by an endocrine signaling molecule
   3. Regulates hormone production in plants

Answer 21

1. Occurs between two adjacent cells and is important for the formation of tissue boundaries
2. Occurs in cells when the receptor is bound by an endocrine signaling molecule
3. Regulates hormone production in plants

Question 22

1. Cocaine binds
   
   1. The dopamine receptor D2
   2. The dopamine transporter
   3. The dopamine gated ion channel
   4. The serotonin receptor

Answer 22

1. The dopamine receptor D2
2. The dopamine transporter
   
   1. Blocks dopamine transporter DAT
3. The dopamine gated ion channel
4. The serotonin receptor

Question 23

1. Protein kinase A
   
   1. Is activated by cAMP
   2. Is inhibited by cAMP
   3. Is activated by phospholipids
   4. Is inhibited by phospholipids

Answer 23

1. Is activated by cAMP
2. Is inhibited by cAMP
3. Is activated by phospholipids
4. Is inhibited by phospholipids

Question 24

1. Curare
   
   1. Is a dopamine receptor antagonist
   2. Is an inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase
   3. Is a competative antagonist of the acetylcholine receptor
   4. Is a glycine receptor agonist

Answer 24

1. Is a dopamine receptor antagonist
2. Is an inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase
3. Is a competative antagonist of the acetylcholine receptor
4. Is a glycine receptor agonist

Question 25

1. 7-transmembrane domain receptors
   
   1. Serve as GEFs (guanyl nucleotide exchange factors) for trimeric G-proteins
   2. Serve as GAP (GTPase activating protein) for trimeric G-Protein alpha-subunits
   3. Phosphorylate other 7-transmembrane receptors

Answer 25

1. Serve as GEFs (guanyl nucleotide exchange factors) for trimeric G-proteins
2. Serve as GAP (GTPase activating protein) for trimeric G-Protein alpha-subunits
3. Phosphorylate other 7-transmembrane receptors

Question 26

1. Wnt signaling
   
   1. Is involved in the visual system to transduce light signals
   2. Is involved in many developmental processes in plants
   3. Is important for stem cell differentiation and maintenance in animals
   4. Involves beta-catenin secretion and binding to frizzles-receptors

Answer 26

1. Is involved in the visual system to transduce light signals
2. Is involved in many developmental processes in plants
3. Is important for stem cell differentiation and maintenance in animals
4. Involves beta-catenin secretion and binding to frizzles-receptors

Question 27

1. Vinblastine or its derivatives are used in tumor therapy because
   
   1. They block topoisomerase and cause DNA damage in dividing cells
   2. They bind to the actin cytoskeleton and prevent cell shape changes that would be important for metastatisation
   3. They block tumor cell dividing during S-phase of the cell cycle
   4. They buind microtubules and block mitosis

Answer 27

1. They block topoisomerase and cause DNA damage in dividing cells
2. They bind to the actin cytoskeleton and prevent cell shape changes that would be important for metastatisation
3. They block tumor cell dividing during S-phase of the cell cycle
4. They bind microtubules and block mitosis

Question 28

1. Receptor tyrosine kinases
   
   1. Are activated by DNA-damaging drugs
   2. Are activated by growth and survival factors
   3. Are a target for nicotine to protect tobacco plants from insects
   4. Are activated by the small GTPase: Ras

Answer 28

1. Are activated by DNA-damaging drugs
2. Are activated by growth and survival factors
3. Are a target for nicotine to protect tobacco plants from insects
4. Are activated by the small GTPase: Ras

Question 29

1. The acetylcholine gated ion channel at the neuromuscular junction
   
   1. Closes when acetylcholine is secreted from presynaptic cells
   2. Opens when acetylcholine binds at the extracellular surface and allows sodium ion efflex and potassium ion influx into the postsynaptic cell
   3. Opens, when acetylcholine binds and this leads to a change in membrane potential from -85 mV to -60 mV in the muscle cell membrane

Answer 29

1. The acetylcholine gated ion channel at the neuromuscular junction
   
   1. Closes when acetylcholine is secreted from presynaptic cells
   2. Opens when acetylcholine binds at the extracellular surface and allows sodium ion efflex and potassium ion influx into the postsynaptic cell
   3. Opens, when acetylcholine binds and this leads to a change in membrane potential from -85 mV to -60 mV in the muscle cell membrane

Question 30

1. The endogenous ligands for opiate receptors in animal are
   
   1. Trimeric G-proteins
   2. Small peptides
   3. Arachidonic acid derivatives

Answer 30

1. Trimeric G-proteins
2. Small peptides
3. Arachidonic acid derivatives

Question 31

1. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is
   
   1. A 7-transmembrane domain receptor
   2. A voltage gated ion channel
   3. A ligand gated ion channel
   4. A calcium ion channel on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 31

1. A 7-transmembrane domain receptor
2. A voltage gated ion channel
3. A ligand gated ion channel
4. A calcium ion channel on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 32

1. Lipophilic steroid hormones
   
   1. Are soluble in the blood
   2. Bind to steroid receptors on the cell membrane of target cells
   3. Bind to steroid receptors in the cytoplasm

Answer 32

1. Are soluble in the blood
2. Bind to steroid receptors on the cell membrane of target cells
3. Bind to steroid receptors in the cytoplasm
   
   1. Can diffuse directly into cell and activate intracellular targets directly

Question 33

1. Smads are
   
   1. Transcription factors
   2. Serine/threonine kinases
   3. Tyrosine kinases
   4. Membrane receptors for TGF-beta

Answer 33

1. Transcription factors
2. Serine/threonine kinases
3. Tyrosine kinases
4. Membrane receptors for TGF-beta

Question 34

1. Caffeine is a receptor antagonist for
   
   1. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
   2. Cannabinoid receptors
   3. Serotonin receptors
   4. Adenosine receptors

Answer 34

1. Caffeine is a receptor antagonist for
   
   1. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
   2. Cannabinoid receptors
   3. Serotonin receptors
   4. Adenosine receptors

Question 35

1. Cannabinoids bind to single transmembrane domain receptors and:
   
   1. activate transcription in the nervous system
   2. Activate 7-transmembrane domain receptors on presynaptic cells and inhibit neurotransmitter release
   3. Bind ion channels on presynaptic cells and inhibit neurotransmitter release

Answer 35

1. activate transcription in the nervous system
2. Activate 7-transmembrane domain receptors on presynaptic cells and inhibit neurotransmitter release
   
   1. CB1 localized at presynapses, manly coupled to G1 (GPCR), binding causes inhibition of adenylylcyclase
3. Bind ion channels on presynaptic cells and inhibit neurotransmitter release

Question 36

1. Muscarine and atropine
   
   1. Are both antagonists of the dopamine receptor
   2. Are both agonists for the G-protein couples acetylcholine receptor
   3. Counteract each other on the G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor
   4. Are both agonists for glutamate receptors

Answer 36

1. Are both antagonists of the dopamine receptor
2. Are both agonists for the G-protein couples acetylcholine receptor
3. Counteract each other on the G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor
   
   1. Muscarine stimulates it, atropine blocks (antagonizes) it
4. Are both agonists for glutamate receptors