Drug class previous exam questions - not multiple choice

Question 1

1. Isoprenoids are synthesized in:

Answer 1

Plastid and cytosol

Question 2

1. The cation channel TRPM8 is activated by

Answer 2

Menthol

Question 3

1. Which compounds are synthesized in the MEP-Pathway

Answer 3

Carotenoids

Question 4

1. Betalains are:

Answer 4

Dopamine-derived alkaloids

Question 5

1. Caffeine kills the larvae of the tobacco hornworm by:

Answer 5

Competative inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Question 6

1. Resiniferatoxin

Answer 6

Binds to human TPRV1 channels

Question 7

1. The M-Phase of the plant cell cycle does not involve:
   
   1. Microtubules
   2. Alignment of chromosomes at the spindle equator
   3. Centrosomes
   4. Break down of nuclear envelope

Answer 7

C-Centrosomes

1. Centrosomes replicate during S-phase, but move during prophase

Question 8

1. Tobacco hornworm is not killed by nicotine because…

Answer 8

Nicotine is converted to a harmless metabolite

Question 9

1. Cannabinoids are found predominantly in:

Answer 9

glandular trichomes

Question 10

1. Aristolochic acid - X - not sure on answer to this one
   
   1. Can depolarize microtubules
   2. Causes point mutations, gaps and chromosome breaks
   3. Activates intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways
   4. Inhibits BCRP/ABCG2 (ABC transporters)

Answer 10

B-Causes point mutations, gaps and chromosome breaks

1. Wikipedia says potentially works by mutating p53 gene, so maybe this one?

Not sure on answer to this one,

Question 11

1. Plant secondary metabolites are
   
   1. Always specific to plants
   2. Always found also in animals or bacteria
   3. Often employed for plant defense against biotic stress
   4. Specifically made as an attractant for humans to assist seed dispersion

Answer 11

C-Often employed for plant defense against biotic stress

Question 12

1. Which of the following plant secondary metabolites affect the GABA_A/G receptors?
   
   1. Thujone
   2. Coniine
   3. Salvinorin A
   4. Kainic acid

Answer 12

A-Thujone

Question 13

1. Which of the following substance class does not contribute to plant secondary metabolism?
   
   1. Polysaccharides
   2. Ribonucleic acids
   3. Terpenoids
   4. Amino acids
   5. Alkaloids
   6. All of the above contribute

Answer 13

A - Polysaccharides

B - Ribonucleic acids

D - Amino acids

Question 14

1. Which properties are not found in plant heterotrimeric G-Proteins?
   
   1. Fast nucleotide exchanging and slow GTP-Hydrolysis activity
   2. Self-activation
   3. Spontaneous loading with GTP
   4. Usage of GPCRs as GEFs

Answer 14

1. Fast nucleotide exchanging and slow GTP-Hydrolysis activity
2. Self-activation
3. Spontaneous loading with GTP
4. Usage of GPCRs as GEFs
   
   1. not found in plant heterotrimeric g-proteins (is found in animals)

Question 15

1. Plant secondary metabolism is
   
   1. Associated with essential cellular functions
   2. Usually species specific and dispensable
   3. Important to increase plant fitness under laboratory conditions
   4. Detrimental to survival and reproduction in the natural environment

Answer 15

1. Associated with essential cellular functions
2. Usually species specific and dispensable
3. Important to increase plant fitness under laboratory conditions
4. Detrimental to survival and reproduction in the natural environment

Question 16

1. What kind of molecule is Brazzein?

Answer 16

A protein

Question 17

1. What is the precursor molecule for Berberine?

Answer 17

1. Tyrosine

Question 18

1. Polyploidy in plants can be induced by:

Answer 18

1. Colchicine
   
   1. Inhibits chromosome segregation during meiosis, inducing polyploidy.

Question 19

1. Cholera toxin

Answer 19

1. Inhibits GTPase activity of stimulatory G-Protein alpha subunit
   
   1. Produces ADP-ribosyltransferase specific for Galpha
   2. ADP ribosyl transferred to active site Arg
   3. Galpha activity inhibited

Question 20

1. The so-called pyschodelic drugs mescalin and psilocin - where do they bind?

Answer 20

1. Bind to a subclass of serotonin receptors
   
   1. Hallucinogens bind 5HT2A receptors, a type of serotonin receptor

Question 21

1. Where does Notch signaling occur, and for what is it important?

Answer 21

1. Occurs between two adjacent cells and is important for the formation of tissue boundaries

Question 22

1. Cocaine binds:

Answer 22

1. The dopamine transporter
   
   1. Blocks dopamine transporter DAT

Question 23

1. Protein kinase A is activated by:

Answer 23

1. Is activated by cAMP

Question 24

1. With what receptor does Curare interact and how?

Answer 24

1. Is a competative antagonist of the acetylcholine receptor

Question 25

1. what role do 7-transmembrane domain receptors have with G-proteins?

Answer 25

1. Serve as GEFs (guanyl nucleotide exchange factors) for trimeric G-proteins

Question 26

1. Why is Wnt signaling important in animals?

Answer 26

1. Is important for stem cell differentiation and maintenance in animals

Question 27

1. Vinblastine or its derivatives are used in tumor therapy because

Answer 27

1. They bind microtubules and block mitosis

Question 28

1. How are Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activated?

Answer 28

Are activated by growth and survival factors

Question 29

1. How does the acetylcholine gated ion channel at the neuromuscular junction open?

Answer 29

1. Opens, when acetylcholine binds and this leads to a change in membrane potential from -85 mV to -60 mV in the muscle cell membrane

Question 30

1. The endogenous ligands for opiate receptors in animal are

Answer 30

1. Small peptides
   
   1. E.g.: Enkephalins, Prokephalins

Question 31

1. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is what kind of receptor?

Answer 31

1. A ligand gated ion channel

Question 32

1. To what do Lipophilic steroid hormones bind and where?

Answer 32

1. Bind to steroid receptors in the cytoplasm
   
   1. Can diffuse directly into cell and activate intracellular targets directly

Question 33

1. Smads are

Answer 33

1. Transcription factors

Question 34

1. Caffeine is a receptor antagonist for

Answer 34

​Adenosine receptors

Question 35

1. Cannabinoids bind to single transmembrane domain receptors and:

Answer 35

1. Activate 7-transmembrane domain receptors on presynaptic cells and inhibit neurotransmitter release
   
   1. CB1 localized at presynapses, manly coupled to G1 (GPCR), binding causes inhibition of adenylylcyclase

Question 36

1. What is the relationship between Muscarine and atropine

Answer 36

1. Counteract each other on the Muscarinic G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor
   
   1. Muscarine = agonist
   2. Atropine = antagonist