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Pharmacy Technician > Drug Classification > Flashcards

Drug Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Therapeutic Classes

A
  • Broad catagories based on therapeutic intent
  • Each broad Therapeutic Class involved several Pharmacologic classes
    • Ex. The borad Therapeutic Class antihypertensives includes 13 pharmacologic classes
  • Drugs grouped by Therapeutic Class work in very different ways
    • They are NOT chemically similar
    • They have DIFFERENT mechanisms of action
  • Therapeutic Class is useful when speaking of drugs in a general way
    • “You will need an antihypertensive medication”
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2
Q

Analgesics

A
  • Drugs that control pain
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3
Q

Anesthetics

A
  • drugs that cause reversable loss of sensation of pain or reversable loss of consciousness
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4
Q

Antihistamines

A
  • drugs that control or treat allergies
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5
Q

Anti-infectives

A
  • drugs that combat infestions such as antibiotics
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6
Q

Antineoplastic agents

A
  • drugs that are used to treat cancer
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7
Q

Anti-emetics

A
  • drugs that stop vomiting
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8
Q

Autonomic Drugs

A
  • agents that stimulate or supress the ANS
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9
Q

Blood Derivatives

A
  • specific process blood components such as:
    • red blood cells
    • plasma
    • platelets
  • most blood products contain blood derivatives
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10
Q

Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis Agents

A
  • drug products that alter coagulation and platelet adhesion
    • commonly called “blood thinners”
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11
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs

A
  • agents that influence the actions of the heart and health of the circulatory system
    • antihypertensives
    • anticholesterolemics
      • 2 pharmacologic classes that belong in this therapeutic class
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12
Q

Central Nervous System Agents

A
  • drugs that act on the brain to:
    • dull pain
    • cause weight loss
    • reduce convulsions
    • stop vomiting
    • relieve anxiety
    • cause sleep
    • stimulate attention
    • relax muscles
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13
Q

Contraceptives

A
  • (foams, devices)
  • pregnancy prevention
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14
Q

Dental Agents

A
  • drugs that act locally in the mouth to numb dental pain or teething problems
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15
Q

Diagnostic Agents

A
  • drugs used to confirm or indicate a specific medical diagnosis
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16
Q

Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance Agents

A
  • Parenteral agents or medications not administered through the GI tract
  • returns a patients electrolytes to normal values
  • glucose IV may be given to increase the sugar content of blood
  • Saline solution for adequate hydration
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17
Q

Enzymes

A
  • usually digestive enzymes needed for the proper digestion of fats and food
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18
Q

Respiratory Tract Agents

A
  • drugs given by inhalation for treating allergies, asthma, and infections
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19
Q

Ophtalmic, Otic, Nasal, and Throat (EENT)

A
  • drugs used in the eye, ear, nose and throat for treating local conditions
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20
Q

Gastrointestinal Drugs

A
  • antacids
  • antidiarrheals
  • laxatives
  • acid reducers
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21
Q

Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes

A
  • drugs that replace natural hormones or are synthetic analogs of natural hormones
  • examples:
    • testosterone
    • estrogen
    • thyroid
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22
Q

Oxytocics

A
  • agents used to induce labor and reduce postpartum bleeding
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23
Q

Serums, Toxoids, Vaccines

A
  • agents used to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens
  • Ex.
    • Tetanus
    • Polio
    • Shingles
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24
Q

Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents

A
  • Agents used to treat acne, rosacea, dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.
25
Q

Smooth Muscle Relaxants

A
  • Drugs that affect skeletal muscle function and decrease muscle tone
26
Q

Vitamins

A
  • Organic compounds and vital nutrients that an organism requires in limited amounts
    *
27
Q

Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents

A
  • Alcohol deterrents
  • snake-bite antidotes
  • immunosuppressants for organ transplants
  • antigout medications
  • and more
28
Q

ATC

A

Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical System of drug classification

  • Widely used in Europe and some North American countries…..but not the U.S. Still, we American students need to know this, so giving a silent salute to America’s rebellious nature – ingenuity and all that – here goes!
  • Divisons: (of ATC)
    • Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
    • Blood and Blood-Forming Organs
    • Cardiovascular System
    • Dermatologicals
    • Genitourinary System and Sex Hormones
    • Systemic Hormonal Preparations, excluding sex hormones and insulins
    • Anti-infectives for systemic use
    • Antineoplastics and Immune-Modulating Agents
    • Musculoskeletal System
    • Nervous System
    • Antiparasitic products, Insecticides, and Repellents
    • Respiratory System
    • Sensory Organs
    • Various
  • Each broad anatomic division is further subdivided by organs and pharmacologic classes.
    • ex. Cardiovascular System
      • Heart
        • Antianginal
          • Nitroglycerine
29
Q

Other U.S. Drug Classification Systems

A
  • Uniquely U.S. systems of drug classification
    • VA Medication Classification System
    • Physicians Desk Reference (PDR.net)
    • Drugs.com (Sounds suspiciously generic..pun intended! Hell yeah!)
    • AHFS (American Hospital Formulary System)
30
Q

Main ways U.S. Classifies Medications

A

In the U.S. you can find at least 5 relevant methods of drug classification:

  1. Anatomical
  2. Therapeutic
  3. Pharmacologic
  4. Chemical
  5. USAN Council stems
31
Q

AHFS

A
  • American Hospital Formulary System
  • Has a widely used Therapeutic-Pharmacologic indexing system
32
Q

Pharmacologic Classes

A
  • Pharmacologic classification is based on mechanism of action and includes only those medications that have the same or similar mechanism of action.
  • This classification system describes a drugs properties in a specific way
  • Pharmacologic class is necessary when determining a specific treatment
    • “An ACE inhibitor is more desireable than a beta-blocker.”
  • Generic names of drugs in the same pharmacologic class often have the same stem - prefix, suffix, or infix.
    • ex. Beta-blockers end in “-olol”
  • Drugs in pharmacologic classes have similar attributes
    • ​Indications
    • Mechanism of Action
    • Contraindications and Precautions
    • Interactions
    • Adverse Reactions and Side Effects
  • ​Drugs in a Pharmacologic Class may differ:
    • Dosages
    • Time Action Profile
    • Availability
33
Q

Chemical Classes

A

drug classificatgions related to their chemical structure

34
Q

Opiates

A

analgesic drugs derived from the opium poppy and based on morphine as the chemical template

35
Q

benzodiazepines

A

tranquelizer/sedative drugs developed based on the 1,4-benzodiazepine chemical structure

36
Q

barbiturates

A

hypnotic drugs designed on the barbiturate acid chemical structure

37
Q

phenothiazines

A

tranquelizer drugs based on the dibenzo 1,4-thiazine chemical structure

38
Q

Steroids

A

anti-inflammatory drugs based on the sterane chemical structure

39
Q

thiazides

A

diuretic drugs based on the 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine chemical structure

40
Q

bisphosphonates

A

osteoporosis drugs related to diphosphonic esters

41
Q

quinolones

A

antibiotic compounds using 4-keto-1-benzopiperidine (known chemically as quinolone) as the basic structure

42
Q

sulfonamides

A

antibiotic compounds that are based on amides of para-aminosulfonic acid

43
Q

thiazolidinediones

A

antidiabetic agents that are modeled after 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione chemical structure

44
Q

USAN Council stem classification

A

United States Adopted Name Council stem classifications

45
Q

-afil

A
  • PDE5 inhibitors
  • used to treat erectile dysfunction
    • sildinafil (Viagria)
    • tadafil (Cialis)
46
Q

-olol

A
  • beta-blockers
  • antihypertensive
    • atenolol (Tenormin)
47
Q

-azepam

A
  • anti-anxiety agents
    • lorazepam (Ativan)
48
Q

-caine

A
  • local anesthetic
    • benzocaine (Americaine)
49
Q
  • cef
  • ceph
A
  • cephalosporin
  • antibiotic
    • cephalaxin (Keflex)
50
Q

-pine

A
  • calcium channel blocker
  • heart and BP treatment
    • nifedipine (Procardia)
51
Q

-pril

A
  • ACE inhibitor
  • antihypertensive
    • enalapril (Vasotec)
52
Q

-statin

A
  • cholesterol lowering agent
    • rosuvastatin (Crestor)
53
Q

-prazole

A
  • anti-ulcer agent
    • esomeprazole (Nexium)
54
Q

-glitazone

A
  • suger-lowering agent
    • pioglitazone (Actos)
55
Q

-mab

A
  • monoclonal antibodies
    • adalimumab (Humira)
56
Q

-oxetine

A
  • antidepressant
    • paroxetine (Paxil)
57
Q

-tidine

A
  • H2 receptor antagonist
  • treats heartburn
    • climetidine (Tagamet)
58
Q

-vir

A
  • antivirals
    • acyclovir (Zovirax)

Pharmacy Technician (21 decks)

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