DRUG CLASSIFICATION Flashcards
encompass a broad class of agents used to treat cardiovascular pathology.
Cardiac medications
Drugs that affect the electrical conduction system of the myocardium.
COMMON DRUGS
lidocaine, procainamide. flecainide. disopyramide, mexilitine. moricizine, amiodarone, atenolol, metoprolol, acebutolol, esmolol, labetolol, sotalol, propafenone. ibutilide, dofetilide, and digoxin.
ANTIARRYTHMIC
Generally lower the blood pressure.
COMMON DRUGS
verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, nicardipine, amlodipine, nisoldipine, captopril, enalopril, fosinopril, isosorbide dinitrate, bosentan, prazocin, terazosin, minoxidil, clonidine, guanethidine, methyldopa, reserpine and etc.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
used for increasing the force of myocardial contraction in the failing heart
DIGOXIN
intravenous medications that can be used to increase the force of contraction in a failing heart as well.
DIGOXIN, MILRINONE, DOPAMINE, NOREPINEPHRINE, & EPINEPHRINE
Have vasoactive properties to help increase blood pressure.
DOPAMINE, NOREPINEPHRINE, & ΕΡΙΝΕΡHRINE
These are used to lower the serum cholesterol levels and to assist in long-term life enhancement for patients with coronary syndromes or hypercholesterolemia.
COMMON DRUGS
lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, ezetimibe, atorvastatin, gemfibrozil, colestipol, cholestyramine, and niacin.
“statins”
Frequently referred to a “water pills”
These medications are designed to eliminate excess fluid and sodium from the bloodstream,
COMMON DRUGS:
hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, furosemide,torsemide, bumetanide, acetazolamide, amiloride, chlorothiazide, ethacrynic acid, spironolactone, triamterene, metalozone, and indapamide.
DIURETICS
Used in patients who have either a history of blood clot formation or the potential to develop blood clots.
COMMON DRUGS
Heparin,enoxaparin deltaparin, fundoparinox, bivalirüdin,lepirudin, and argatraban
ANTICOAGULANT
Used in patients who have experienced an acute ischemic event to either their heart or their brain in the past.
ANTIPLATELET
oral medications for inhibiting platelet effects
ASPIRIN, CLOPIDOGREL, & DIPYRIDAMOLE
IV medications for inhibiting platelet function.
EPTIFIBATIDE, ABCIXIΜΑΒ, & TIROFIBAN
Used to actively break up a newly formed clot, such as found in patients with acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke secondary to blood clot, or lower leg ischemia.
COMMON DRUGS
Alteplase, reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase, and urokinase
THROMBOLYTIC MEDICATION
Used to treat both acute and chronic pain syndromes.
ANALGESIC
COMMON SUBCLASSES
NARCOTIC
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDS)
MUSCLE RELAXANTS
ACETAMINOPHEN
Stimulates central nervous system receptors known as opioid receptors and cause a decrease in the perception of pain.
COMMON DRUGS
marphine. meperidine. fentanyl, hydromorphone. hydrocadone. codeine, oxycodone, alfentanil, remifentanil, tramadol, pentazocine, nalbuphine, and butarphanol..
NARCOTIC
Stimulate central nervous system receptors known as apioid receptors and cause a decrease in the perception of pain.
COMMON DRUGS
ibuprofen.
naproxen.
nabumetone.
ketorolac,diclofenac, indomethacin, fenoprofen, rofecoxib, celecoxib, and valdecoxib.
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
DRUGS (NSAIDs)
Treat pain associated with muscle spasms. These are often used in ailments such as whiplash, spinal cord injury with spastic muscles, and muscular strains or sprains.
COMMON DRUGS
Cyclobenzaprine. baclofen, diazepam lorazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam, methocarbamol, and metaxalone.
MUSCLE RELAXANTS
A low-potency pain reliever and must not exceed 4000 mg per day because it is associated with severe liver damage at high doses Long-term use of high doses can also cause renal and cardiac damage
ACETAMINOPHEN
Drugs that block histamine from producing adverse effects such as itching, inflammation, respiratory distress, and overall allergic reactions.
COMMON DRUGS
hydroxyzine (Vistaril Atarax) and diphenhydramine(Benadryl)
ANTIHISTAMINE
Diabetes and hypothyroidism are two common endocrine problems for which patients frequently receive drug treatment.
ENDOCRINE MEDICATIONS
For patients who have difficulty maintaining proper balance between blood sugar and tissue sugar.
ANTIDIABETIC
no circulating endogenous insulin
INSULIN DEPENDENT (DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1)
have sufficient circulating endogenous insulin but poor
receptor sensitivity to the insulin
NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT (DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2)
Treat hypothyroidism that is either primary because of a lack of endogenous thyroid hormone production or secondary to removal or obliteration of the thyroid gland.
THYROID
COMMON HORMONE PREPARATIONS TO ENHANCE THYROID
levothyroxine, thyroxine, liothyronine, and desiccated thyroid
COMMON HORMONE PREPARATIONS TO BLOCK THYROID
methimazole and propylthiouracil
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MEDICATION
ANTISEIZURE (ANTICONVULSANT)
ANTIPSYCHOTIC
ANTIDEPRESSANT
ΑΝΤΙANXIETY
These are used to prevent and to treat seizure disorders.
COMMON DRUGS
phenytoin, fosphenytoin, ethotoin, mephenytoin, diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam, valproic acid, divalproex, topiramate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, & etc.
ANTISEIZURE / ANTICONVULSANT
Treat psychotic episodes schizophrenia, paranoid and disorders such as behaviors, hallucinations, delusions, bipolar affective disorder, acute agitation, antisocial behaviors, and mania.
COMMON DRUGS
haloperidol, valproic acid, divalproex, olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, triflupromazine, loxapine, & etc.
ANTIPSYCHOTIC
Treat clinical depression that results
from neurotransmitter deficiencies.
COMMON DRUGS
amitriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, protriptyline, trimipramine, amoxapine, maprotiline, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, sertraline, citalopram, & etc.
ANTIDEPRESSANT
Treat acute and chronic anxiety states.
COMMON DRUGS
diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, and buspirone.
ANTIANXIETY
Act at the cellular level to destroy, inhibit, or suppress the cell wall, enzymatic activity, or ribosomal or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) function of an invading microorganism.
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIFUNGALS
ANTIVIRAL
Therapeutic agents used to kill or suppress pathogenic microorganisms responsible for causing infectious diseases.
COMMON DRUGS
Penicillins. cephalosporins,tetracyclines, lincosamides, & nitroimidazoles
ANTIBIOTICS
Agents used to kill mycotic (fungal) organisms.
COMMON DRUGS
amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, clotrimazole, flucytosine, itraconazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, nystatin, and terbinafine.
ANTIFUNGALS
Suppress and limit the spread or shedding of viruses that invade the human body.
COMMON DRUGS
acyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir, ribavirin,valacyclovir, valganciclovir, rimantadine, foscarnet, and interferon.
ANTIVIRAL
Kill off rapidly growing (e.g., cancerous) cells of the human body by altering or destroying the various stages in cellular division.
COMMON DRUGS
adriamycin, etoposide, vincristine, VP-16, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, fluorouracil, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, methotrexate, and nitrogen mustard.
CHEMOTHERAPY AGENTS
