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MD2 Pharmacology > Drug Classes > Flashcards

Drug Classes Flashcards

1
Q

Promethazine

A

Sedating antihistamine Indications: allergic conditions (e.g. rhinitis, urticaria), N + V, sedation

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2
Q

Cetirizine

A

Less sedating antihistamine Indications: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria

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3
Q

Fexofenadine

A

Less sedating antihistamine Indications: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria

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4
Q

Loratadine

A

Less sedating antihistamine Indications: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria

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5
Q

Ketamine

A

General anaesthetic Indications: induction and maintenance of anaesthesia

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6
Q

Propofol

A

Anaesthetic Indications: induction of and maintenance of anaesthesia, sedation,

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7
Q

Suxamethonium

A

Anaesthetic Indications: skeletal muscle relaxation in anaesthesia

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8
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Anticholinergic anaesthetic Indications: preoperative reduction of salivary and tracheobronchial secretions, perioperative bradycardia

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9
Q

Lignocaine (all forms: local/IV)

A

Anaesthetic Indications: topical, infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia, IV regional anaesthesia (IVRA), postherpetic neuralgia (patch) Anti-arrhythmic Indications: serious ventricular arrhythmias

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10
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID Anti-platelet Indications: ACS, symptomatic atherosclerosis, relief of pain, inflammation and fever, rheumatic fever, acute migraine, RA, Kawasaki disease

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11
Q

Paracetamol

A

Analgesic (not an NSAID; limited anti-inflammatory activity) Indications: mild to moderate pain, fever

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12
Q

Codeine

A

Opiate Indications: mild to moderate pain, cough suppression, diarrhoea

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13
Q

Fentanyl

A

Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate to severe pain, opioid adjunct during general anaesthesia, breakthrough pain (lozenge, in cancer patients), epidural

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14
Q

Methadone

A

Opioid analgesic Indications: severe pain, maintenance therapy in people with opioid dependence

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15
Q

Oxycodone

A

Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate to severe pain

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16
Q

Morphine

A

Opiate Indications: moderate to severe pain, opioid adjunct during general anaesthesia

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17
Q

Tramadol

A

Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate pain

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18
Q

Pethidine

A

Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate to severe pain, opioid adjunct during general anaesthesia

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19
Q

Acetylcysteine (NAC)

A

Antidote for paracetamol OD Contrast-induced nephropathy prophylaxis

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20
Q

Flumazenil

A

GABA-A receptor agonist (used to treat benzodiazepene OD, reverse analgesia)

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21
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid antagonist Indications: opioid OD, reversal of sedation, to prevent opioid misuse

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22
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside Indications: Gram negatives, surgical prophylaxis

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23
Q

Meropenem

A

Carbapenem

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24
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide Abx

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25
Q

Clindamycin

A

Lincosamide

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26
Q

-thromycin

A

Macrolides (not all end in this suffix but common)

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27
Q

Metronidazole

A

Nitroimidazole

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28
Q

Tinidazole

A

Nitroimidazole

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29
Q

Rifampicin

A

Antitubercular agent

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30
Q

Amphotericin

A

Antifungal

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31
Q

Nystatin

A

Antifungal

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32
Q

Fluconazole

A

Antifungal

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33
Q

Terbinifine

A

Antifungal

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34
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Antifungal

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35
Q

Aciclovir

A

Antiviral

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36
Q

Famciclovir

A

Antiviral

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37
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Antiviral

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38
Q

Valaciclovir

A

Antiviral

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39
Q

Atovaquone/proguanil

A

Antiprotozoal

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40
Q

Chloroquine

A

Antiprotozoal

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41
Q

Mefloquine

A

Antiprotozoal

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42
Q

Albendazole

A

Antihelminthic

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43
Q

Mebendazole

A

Antihelminthic

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44
Q

Pyrantel

A

Antihelminthic

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45
Q

Spironolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist (K+ sparing diuretic)

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46
Q

Frusemide

A

Loop diuretic

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47
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Adrenaline Noradrenaline

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48
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate

A

Nitrate

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49
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Nitrate

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50
Q

Thiazides

A

Diuretic (anti-HTN)

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51
Q

Amiloride

A

K+-sparing diuretic

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52
Q

Diltiazem

A

CCB (non-DHP anti-HTN)

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53
Q

Verapamil

A

CCB (class IV antiarrhythmic, anti-HTN, migraine preventer)

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54
Q

Prazosin

A

a1 blocker (sympatholytic anti-HTN)

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55
Q

Clonidine

A

Centrally acting a2 agonist (anti-HTN, anxiolytic)

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56
Q

Hydralazine

A

Anti-HTN (vasodilator)

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57
Q

Methyldopa

A

Centrally acting a2 agonist (anti-HTN) DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor

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58
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III anti-arrhythmic

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59
Q

Atropine

A

Anti-muscarinic (anti-arrhythmic)

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60
Q

Digoxin

A

Glycoside (anti-arrhythmic)

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61
Q

Flecainide

A

Class Ic anti-arrhythmic

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62
Q

Sotalol

A

Non-selective B-blocker Class III anti-arrhythmic

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63
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

Fibrate

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64
Q

Statins

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

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65
Q

Fenofibrate

A

Cholesterol-lowering

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66
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant

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67
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Anticoagulant

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68
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulant

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69
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Anticoagulant

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70
Q

Dabigatran

A

Anticoagulant

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71
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Anti-platelet

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72
Q

Alteplase

A

Thrombolytic

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73
Q

Tranexamic acid

A

Thrombolytic

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74
Q

Protamine

A

Reversal agent for heparin and LMWH

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75
Q

Vitamin K

A

Reversal agent for warfarin

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76
Q

Erythropoietin alpha

A

For treatment of anaemia (e.g. in CKD, IBD, myelodysplasia secondary to cancer therapy)

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77
Q

Polystyrene sulfonate resins (resonium)

A

K+ binder

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78
Q

Aluminium hydroxide

A

Antacid K+ binder (not preferred)

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79
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Antacid K+ binder Ca2+ supplement

80
Q

Potassium chloride SR

A

Treatment of hypokalaemia

81
Q

Mometasone

A

Topical steroid

82
Q

Hydrocortisone (topical)

A

Topical steroid

83
Q

Calcipotriol

A

Topical synthetic vit D (for treatment of psoriasis)

84
Q

Acitretin

A

Oral retinoid

85
Q

Isotretinoin

A

Oral retinoid

86
Q

Dexamethasone/framycetin/gramicidin (Otodex, Sofradex)

A

Two Abx (framycetin = aminoglycoside) + anti-inflammatory Indications: otitis externa

87
Q

Flumethasone/clioquinol

A

Anti-inflammatory + antifungal/anti-protozoal indications: otitis externa

88
Q

Topical ciprofloxacin

A

Quinolone Indications: CSOM, keratitis, severe conjunctivitis

89
Q

Triamcinolone/neomycin/nystatin/gramicidin

A

Topical steroid + aminoglycoside + antifungal + Abx Indications: otitis externa

90
Q

Isopropyl alcohol

A

Water-drying aid for the prevention of otitis externa

91
Q

Betahistine

A

Vasodilator for treatment of vertigo Indications: Meniere’s disease

92
Q

Phenylephrine

A

a1 agonist (oral decongestant) Indications: rhinitis/sinusitis, mydriasis, hypotension

93
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

a1 agonist (oral decongestant) Indications: rhinitis/sinusitis

94
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

a agonist (intranasal decongestant) Indications: rhinitis/sinusitis

95
Q

Ipatropium

A

Corticosteroid (intranasal decongestant) Indications: allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps

96
Q

Metformin

A

Biguanide Indications: T2DM

97
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Glitazone Indications: T2DM

98
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor Indications: T2DM

99
Q

Thyroxine

A

Synthetic T4 Indications: hypothyroidism, block-replacement regimen in hyperthyroidism, suppressive regimen in thyroid cancer and euthyroid goitre

100
Q

Carbimazole

A

Anti-thyroid Indications: Graves’ disease, preparation for thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine treatment, thyroid storm

101
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Anti-thyroid (same action as carbimazole + inhibits TPO) Indications: Graves’ disease, preparation for thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine treatment, thyroid storm

102
Q

Alendronate

A

Bisphosphonate Indications: OP prevention and treatment, Paget’s disease of bone, hypercalcaemia of malignancy

103
Q

Risedronate

A

Bisphosphonate Indications: OP prevention and treatment, Paget’s disease of bone, hypercalcaemia of malignancy

104
Q

Calcitriol

A

Vit D supplement Indications: OP treatment and prevention, hypocalcaemia (hypoPTH, rickets, renal osteodystrophy, chronic renal dialysis)

105
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

Vit D3 supplement Indications: OP treatment and prevention, vit D deficiency treatment and prevention

106
Q

Strontium ranelate

A

Anti-OP (incorporated into bone) Indications: severe (postmenopausal) OP when other agents are unsuitable

107
Q

Raloxifene

A

SERM Indications: OP treatment and prevention

108
Q

Cortisone acetate

A

Glucocorticoid Indications: glucocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency

109
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Mineralocorticoid Indications: mineralocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency (+ glucocorticoid)

110
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Glucocorticoid Indications: glucocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency, acute adrenal insufficiency

111
Q

Desmopressin

A

ADH analogue Indications: Dx aid for DDx of polyuria, pituitary diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, control of bleeding in haemophilia and type I vWD

112
Q

Bromocriptine

A

DA agonist Indications: acromegaly, hyperprolactinaemia, PD

113
Q

Cabergoline

A

DA agonist Indications: hyperprolactinaemia, PD

114
Q

Framycetin (topical)

A

Aminoglycoside Indications: bacterial eye infections

115
Q

Topical chloramphenicol

A

Abx Indications: otitis externa, CSOM, bacterial eye infections

116
Q

Timolol

A

Topical B-blocker Indications: glaucoma, ocular hypertension

117
Q

Latanoprost

A

Topical prostaglandin analogue Indications: glaucoma, ocular hypertension

118
Q

Brimonidine

A

Topical a2 agonist Indications: chronic open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, rosacea (facial erythema)

119
Q

Brinzolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Indications: glaucoma, ocular hypertension

120
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Stimulant laxative Indications: constipation, bowel prep

121
Q

Docusate +/- senna

A

Stool softener +/- stimulant laxative Indications: constipation, bowel prep, prevent straining following rectal surgery and acute perianal disease

122
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative Indications: constipation, hepatic encephalopathy

123
Q

Loperamide

A

Opioid anti-diarrhoeal Indications: diarrhoea (usually short-term), intestinal stoma

124
Q

Diphenoxylate (lomotil)

A

Opioid anti-diarrhoeal Indications: diarrhoea (usually short-term)

125
Q

Mesalazine

A

5-ASA Indications: IBD

126
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

5-ASA Indications: IBD

127
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Anticholinergic Indications: urinary urge incontinence

128
Q

Tamsulosin

A

a1 blocker Indications: BPH

129
Q

Finasteride

A

5-a-reductase inhibitor Indications: BPH, androgenetic alopecia

130
Q

Sildenafil

A

PDE-5 inhibitor Indications: ED, PAH

131
Q

Methotrexate

A

Folic acid antagonist (immunomodulator) Indications: cancer (e.g. breast, TCC, SCC, acute leukaemias, NHL), RA, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, polymyositis/dermatomyositis

132
Q

Cyproterone

A

Anti-androgen Indications: prostate cancer, reduction of sexual drive in men, androgenisation in women

133
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM Indications: hormone-receptor positive breast cancer

134
Q

Cyclosporin

A

Immunosuppressant (calcineurin inhibitor) Indications: prevention of transplant rejection, nephrotic syndrome, RA, psoriasis

135
Q

Tacrolimus

A

Immunosuppressant (calcineurin inhibitor) Indications: transplant rejection, GVHD, induction or maintenance of remission in immune and inflammatory diseases

136
Q

Azathioprine

A

Immunosuppressant (purine antimetabolite) Indications: prevention of transplant rejection, immune and inflammatory diseases (e.g. RA, IBD, SLE, ITP, AIH, Behcet’s syndrome, atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, vasculitis)

137
Q

Mycophenolate

A

Immunosuppressant Indications: prevention of transplant rejection, some AI diseases

138
Q

Filgrastim

A

G-CSF Indications: neutropenia (e.g. in chemotherapy, leukaemia, etc)

139
Q

Lenograstim

A

G-CSF Indications: neutropenia (e.g. in chemotherapy, leukaemia, etc)

140
Q

Celecoxib

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor Indications: pain due to inflammatory arthropathies, pain due to inflammation and tissue injury

141
Q

Meloxicam

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor Indications: pain due to inflammatory arthropathies, pain due to inflammation and tissue injury

142
Q

Leflunomide

A

Immunosuppressant Indications: RA, psoriatic arthritis

143
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A

Anti-inflammatory immunomodulator Indications: RA, SLE

144
Q

Allopurinol

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor Indications: gout, urate nephrolithiasis, hyperuricaemia

145
Q

Colchicine

A

Anti-inflammatory Indications: gout

146
Q

Clonazepam

A

Benzodiazepine Indications: refractory epilepsy (esp absence and myoclonic seizures), acute seizures, status epilepticus

147
Q

Clobazam

A

Benzodiazepine Indications: anxiety (+ insomnia), refractory epilepsy (esp absence and myoclonic seizures), acute seizures, status epilepticus

148
Q

Midazolam

A

Benzodiazepine Indications: anaesthetic, refractory epilepsy (esp absence and myoclonic seizures), acute seizures, status epilepticus

149
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepine Indications: anxiety, acute alcohol withdrawal, premedication and sedation, refractory epilepsy (esp absence and myoclonic seizures), acute seizures, status epilepticus, muscle spasm

150
Q

Carbamazapine

A

Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, bipolar disorder

151
Q

Sodium valproate

A

Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, bipolar disorder

152
Q

Phenytoin

A

Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, status epilepticus, seizure prophylaxis in neurosurgery

153
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, bipolar disorder

154
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy

155
Q

Topiramate

A

Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, prevention of migraine

156
Q

Levodopa

A

DA precursor Indications: PD

157
Q

Carbidopa

A

Peripheral DA decarboxylase inhibitor Indications: with levodopa in PD

158
Q

Pramipexole

A

DA agonist Indications: PD, restless legs syndrome

159
Q

Benztropine

A

Anticholinergic Indications: PD, drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders (except tardive dyskinesia), acute dystonic reaction

160
Q

Entacapone

A

COMT inhibitor Indications: PD

161
Q

Triptans

A

5HT-1 agonists Indications: acute relief of migraine

162
Q

Pizotifen

A

5HT-2 antagonist Indications: migraine and cluster headache prevention

163
Q

Donepezil

A

Anticholinesterase Indications: Alzheimer’s disease

164
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Anticholinesterase Indications: Alzheimer’s disease

165
Q

Galantamine

A

Anticholinesterase Indications: Alzheimer’s disease

166
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Anti-psychotic Indications: psychosis (acute or chronic), bipolar disorder, migraine

167
Q

Cyproterone + ethinyloestradiol

A

Combined OCP Indications: androgenisation, contraception

168
Q

Drosperinone + ethinyloestradiol

A

Combined OCP Indications: contraception, moderate acne, premenstrual dysphoric disorder

169
Q

Norethisterone + ethinyloestradiol

A

Combined OCP Indications: contraception

170
Q

Levonorgestrel + ethinyloestradiol

A

Combined OCP Indications: contraception, moderate acne

171
Q

Tibolone

A

HRT (acts as an oestrogen) Indications: relief of menopausal Sx, OP prevention

172
Q

Moclobemide

A

MAOI Indications: major depression

173
Q

Mirtazapine

A

TCA Indications: major depression

174
Q

Haloperidol

A

Anti-psychotic Indications: psychosis (acute and chronic), mania, Tourette syndrome and other chorea

175
Q

Olanzapine

A

Anti-psychotic Indications: schizophrenia, bipolar, psychosis (acute and chronic)

176
Q

Risperidone

A

Anti-psychotic Indications: schizophrenia, bipolar, behaviour disturbance in dementia, behavioural disorders in autism, psychosis (acute and chronic)

177
Q

Quetiapine

A

Anti-psychotic Indications: schizophrenia, bipolar, generalised anxiety disorder, psychosis (acute and chronic)

178
Q

Clozapine

A

Anti-psychotic Indications: schizophrenia, bipolar, psychosis (acute and chronic)

179
Q

Lithium

A

Drug for bipolar disorder Indications: bipolar disorder, acute mania

180
Q

Zolpidem (Stilnox)

A

Potentiates inhibitory effects of GABA Indications: insomnia

181
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Psychostimulant Indications: ADHD, narcolepsy

182
Q

Dexamphetimine

A

Psychostimulant Indications: ADHD, narcolepsy

183
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate to severe pain, opioid dependence

184
Q

Varenicline

A

Partial nicotinic agonist Indications: smoking cessation

185
Q

Naltrexone

A

Opioid antagonist Indications: alcohol abstinence, opioid abstinence

186
Q

Acamprosate

A

Long-term treatment for alcoholism (maintenance of abstinence)

187
Q

Salbutamol

A

SABA Indications: asthma (reliever, prophylactically in exercise), Mx of pre-term labour

188
Q

Terbutaline

A

SABA Indications: asthma (reliever, prophylactically in exercise

189
Q

Salmeterol

A

LABA In fixed dose combination with fluticasone as metered dose inhaler or dry powder inhaler (Seretide) Indications: asthma (preventer), COPD

190
Q

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

A

LAMA Indications: COPD

191
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

A

SAMA Indications: asthma, COPD (reliever)

192
Q

Fluticasone

A

Inhaled corticosteroid In fixed dose combination with terbutaline as metered dose inhaler or dry powder inhaler (Seretide) Indications: asthma (preventer), COPD

193
Q

Budesonide

A

Inhaled corticosteroid Indications: asthma (preventer), croup

194
Q

Cromoglycate (inhaled)

A

Cromone Indications: asthma (preventer, prophylactically for exercise)

195
Q

Montelukast

A

Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist Indications: asthma (preventer, prophylactically for exercise), allergic rhinitis

196
Q

Oestradiol

A

Can be included in combined OCP or used as HRT Indications: relief of menopausal Sx, OP prevention, atrophic vaginitis, contraception

MD2 Pharmacology (6 decks)

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