DRS

Question 1

What does vitamin A do and what does deficiency cause?

Answer 1

Associated with vision

Deficiency leads to night blindness, corneal drying, blindness

Question 2

What does vitamin D do and what does deficiency cause?

Answer 2

D3 is the form in animals
Sunlight is required to activate D3 by 2 hydroxylation steps
Deficiency leads to impaired bone mineralisation which leads to bone softening disease

Question 3

What is vitamin E and what can deficiency lead to?

Answer 3

vegetable oils, antioxidant role in protection against cardiovascular disease and cancer
Deficiency characterised by neurological problems due to poor nerve conduction

Question 4

What is vitamin K and what

Answer 4

Found in food but also produced by intestinal bacteria
Involved in carboxylation of glutamate residues in proteins to form Gla-residues. These are important in binding calcium, blood coagulation, bone metabolism, deposition of insoluble calcium salts in arterial vessel walls

Question 5

What occurs pre beta oxidation?

Answer 5

fatty acid chain is phosphorylated to produce a fatty acyl CoA, this required ATP

Question 6

What occurs in beta oxidation

Answer 6

1. oxidation - FAD –> FADH2
2. Hydration - water molecule added
3. Oxidation - NAD+ –> NADH
4. Cleavage - acetyl CoA and a shorter fatty acid chain that reenters beta oxidation