DRR Flashcards
refers to the factor, such as physical, social, economic, and environmental, that increases the susceptibility to the impact of a hazard.
Vulnerability
Happens when probable destructive agent, the hazard, hits a vulnerable populated area.
Disaster
Hits an uninhabited area, does not qualify as a disaster. It becomes a disaster if it hits a vulnerable population and properties – In short, if there are victims.
Natural Event
Anything that impose risk
Hazard
5 Natural Events
Geologic
Atmospheric
Hydrologic
Biologic
Human Induced or man made
Earthquakes (Vibrations, ground rupture, liquefaction, earthquake-induced landslides, tsunami)
Volcanic eruption (Lava flow, volcanic gas, pyroclastic flow, tephra fall, lahar, volcanic debris, avalanche)
Rain-fall induced landslides
Rapid sediment movement
Subsidence
Sinkhole formation
Impacts with space objects
Geologic
Floods (River and coastal)
Wave action
Drought
Rapid Glacier Advance
Hydrologic
Typhoons or hurricanes
Thunderstorms
Excessive rainfall
Tornadoes
Heavy snowfall
Hail
Blizzards
“Glaze” storms
Freezing rain
High wind speeds
Extreme temps
Lightning
Atmospheric
Epidemics in humans
Epidemics in plants
Epidemics in animals
Locusts
Biologic
- Transport accidents
- Industrial explosions and fires
- Accidental release of toxic chems, radiological material, biologic material, oil, etc.
- Nuclear accidents
- Collapse of public buildings
- WMD (Biological, nuclear, incendiary, chemical, and explosive)
- Computer viruses (Trojan horse program)
Man-made
The risk associated with disasters, can be estimated and can be expressed either quantitatively or in relative terms. This provides a of comparing past and future disasters.
Disaster Risk
When more people encroach on hazardous areas and urban centers continue to grow along the path of hazard events, the magnitude of disasters is expected to increase.
Elements of disaster Risk
Disaster Risk Model
Disaster Risk = function (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability)
Estimating Disaster Risk
Displacement Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
being aware of the nature of hazards and what
Nature and Effect
CHARACTERISTICS OF DISASTERS
Knows no political boundaries.
Requires restructured and new responding organizations.
Creates new tasks and requires more people as disaster respondents.
Renders inutile routine emergency responses equipment and facilities.
Worsen confusion in understanding the roles of people and organizations.
Exposes lack of disaster planning, response and coordination.
Inexperienced disaster organizations often fail to see what their proper roles are.
Impacts of Disaster- can be carried through one’s life
Medical Effects (injuries, death, pandemic)
Damage to critical facilities (Hospitals, communication institution, electrical facilities, water facilities, public & private buildings.)
Disruption of transportation (Roads)
Economic Impact
Global environmental Change (Wild fires, landslides)
Social and pollical Impacts
Key Parameters of Hazard
Magnitude and Intensity
Speed of onset
Duration
are the potentials for damage to man and his environment that may result from the occurrence of natural events or human activities.
Hazards
> An event per se does not constitute a hazard.
Hazards
➤It is only when man and his environment are threatened that these events can be considered _________
Hazards
➤The probabilities of occurrence of hazard events can be estimated.
Hazards
➤Floods, for example, have been monitored and recorded over many years and so the likelihood of occurrence of these is known.
Hazards
> The various hazards we are exposed to at home or at school are so common that we tend to overlook these for varied reasons.
Types of hazards
➤Learning to deal with bigger hazards starts with the smaller ones in our immediate surroundings.
Types of hazards
is a measure of its strength and is an indication of how destructive it can be.
Magnitude
measures the event’s impacts on the ground, on people, and on structures.
Intensity
measures the amount of seismic energy released in an earthquake
Richter magnitude scale
measures the relative explosiveness of eruptions based mainly on visual observations
Volcanic Explositivity index
measures the earthquake intensity
> Mercalli Scale and Rossi-Forel Scale
the most important aspects of hazards. > The more predictable an event is, the lesser the chance of incurring casualties.
> Earthquakes, landslides, and f ash f bods usually occur without warning.
➤ Tsunamis and volcanic eruptions can have warning periods of minutes to hours as long as warning systems are in place.
Speed of onset
Once the onset of the hazard event is known, the __________ also becomes a concern as the chance of experiencing severe damage will depend on how long the hazard affects an area.
Duration
is the process of estimating, for def hed areas, the probabilities of the occurrence of potentially-damaging phenomenon of given magnitude within a specified period of time.”- United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO)
Hazard Assessment
Data from past historical records and from those derived from basic scientific principles are used to come up with the relationship between the variables considered.
Quantitative approach
instead of representing with numbers, this method uses expert opinion in ranking relative terms (e.g., high, moderate, and low, and so on) the intensity or probability of occurrence of a hazard event.
Qualitative Approach
it provides an objective estimate of the probability of each hazard affecting an area or region by considering past records of events.
Probabilistic Approach
this is a more subjective approach to estimating probability. The use of deterministic hazard assessment avoids the under- estimation of hazards at a site.
Deterministic Approach
is the process of identifying the spatial variation of hazard events or physical conditions (e.g., potential ground shaking, steep slopes, flood plains, and hazardous materials sites).
Hazard mapping
is quite useful in communicating vital information about the spatial variation of size and potential intensity of a particular hazard.
Hazard map
Dimensions of Exposure
- Physical
- Social
- Economics
- environmental
Industrial and high potential loss facilities and facilities contain hazardous materials
Essential facilities
Industrial lifelines
Transport lifelines
Utility lifelines
Physical
UNISDRS
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Secretariat
Factors of Vulnerability
- physical
- social
- economic
- environmental
- determined by population, density level, remoteness, the site, design, and materials used for infrastructure.
Physical
PWD
Seniors
Women Single
Children
Medication dependent
Unemployed
Ethnic Minorities
Homeless
Incarcerated individuals
Marginalized groups
Social
susceptibility of individuals, communities, business and government to absorb the effects of hazard
Economics
Rapid urbanization in hazard areas more vulnerable to disaster risk
Environmental
