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Neurology > Drive - ear and auditory processes > Flashcards

Drive - ear and auditory processes Flashcards

1
Q

How many sections can the ear be divided into and what are the names of these sections?

A

3

outer ear, middle ear and inner ear

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2
Q

What does sound first enter the ear by?

A

Pinna (or auricle) –> exterior part of the ear

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3
Q

What is the shape of the pinna and external auditory canal designed to do?

A

Amplify and direct the sound

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4
Q

What causes the tympanic membrane to vibrate?

A

The air molecules pushing against the membrane

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5
Q

At what rate does the tympanic membrane vibrate if exposed to low frequency sounds?

A

Slowly

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6
Q

At what rate does the tympanic membrane vibrate if exposed to high frequency sounds?

A

Rapidly

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7
Q

What marks the end of the external ear and start of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

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8
Q

In what bone is the middle ear located?

A

Temporal bone

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9
Q

What provides sensation to the middle ear?

A

Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve (CN 9)

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10
Q

What exposes the middle ear to atmospheric pressure?

A

The Eustachian tube

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11
Q

What connects the middle ear to the pharynx

A

The Eustachian tube

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12
Q

How are vibrations of the tympanic membrane transmitted to the inner ear?

A

Through a moveable (slightly) chain of 3 bones

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13
Q

What are the names of the 3 bones of the middle ear?

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

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14
Q

What is the name of/the type of joints found between the bones of the ear?

A

Synovial joints

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15
Q

What marks the end of the middle ear and start of the inner ear?

A

Oval window

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16
Q

What can lessen the amount of energy transmitted to the inner ear?

A

The tensor tympani and stapedius

17
Q

What is tensor tympani muscle innervated by?

A

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

18
Q

What is stapedius muscle innervated by?

A

Crania`l nerve 7 (facial cranial nerve)

19
Q

What is the purpose of the muscles of the middle ear?

A

To protect the delicate receptor apparatus in the inner ear from damaged caused by continuous loud noise

20
Q

What is the inner ear also known as?

A

Cochlea

21
Q

Briefly describe the structure and location of the cochlea?

A

A spiral shaped, fluid-filled space in the temporal bone

22
Q

What is the cochlear duct?

A

A membranous tube which contains the sensory receptors of the auditory system

23
Q

What is the name of the fluid filling the cochlear duct?

A

endolymph

24
Q

What is the name of the fluid filling the area surrounding the cochlear duct?

A

perilymph

25
Q

What does the organ of corti contain?

A

sensitive receptor cells

Neurology (10 decks)

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