dri cho and fiber Flashcards
• EAR set for all age groups
• EAR set for all age groups – 100 g/d for children and adults – 135 g/d for pregnancy & 160 g/d for lactation • RDA add 2SD of 15% [EAR x 1.3] – 130 g/d for children and adults
what is the ear based on
• Based on average minimum amount of glucose utilized by the brain
•Glucose use by the brain determined by A-V difference across the
brain in humans
• Recommended amount also prevents ketosis
130 grams of glucose / day = 520 kcal
the same due to brain being the same size in adult and children
Dietary Carbohydrates: Sugars and
Starches
how was the UL set
UL not set because of insufficient evidence
– However, maximal intake 25% of energy from
added sugar
• defined by USDA as sugars and syrups that are
added to food during processing/preparation
• major sources include soft drinks, cakes,
cookies, pies, fruitades, fruit punch, dairy
desserts, and candy
• No recommendations based on glycemic
index (GI) or glycemic load since
insufficient evidence on the prevention of
chronic diseases
A UL based on GI was not made, primarily
because the critical mass of evidence
necessary for recommending substantial
dietary change is not available
• However, the principle of slowing
carbohydrate absorption…is a potentially
important principle. Further research in this
area is needed.
Acceptable Macronutrient
Range
AMDR = 45 – 65% of energy for children and adults – old RNIs and RDAs values 50-55% • Carbohydrate: 45 – 65% of kcals – Lower than 45% • Difficult to meet AI for total fiber • Fat may be too high, increase in obesity – Higher than 65% • May lead to hypertriglyceridemia • Fat or protein may be too low
Median Intake of
Carbohydrates
200-330 g/d for men
• 180-230 g/d for women
– Issue, however, in low-carb diets
Dietary, Functional, and Total Fiber- definition
Total Fiber = Dietary Fiber + Functional Fiber • Dietary Fiber = nondigestible CHOs and lignin that are intrinisc in plants and that are not digested and absorbed in the small intestine • Functional Fiber = isolated nondigestible CHOs that have demonstrated beneficial physiological effects in humans
Fiber: Determining Requirements
First time recommendations made for fiber
• No biochemical assay that can be used to
measure fiber nutritional status
• Blood fiber levels cannot be measured
because fiber not absorbed
• Health benefits used to determine DRIs
Fiber: Determining Requirements
• Based on level that protects against CHD
• Diabetes secondary endpoint to support
recommended level
• Fiber and colon cancer association not clear
• Fiber may improve constipation and diverticular
disease, provide fuel for colonic cells, reduce
blood glucose and lipid levels and provide
source of low energy, nutrient rich foods but
these benefits not used to set AI
• AI set for Total Fiber all age groups
– 14 g/1000 kcal per d for children and adults
• 38 g/d for males 14-50 y
• 30 g/d for males >51 y
• 25 g/d for females 14-50 y
• 21 g/d for females >51 y
• 28 g/d for pregnancy & 29g /d for lactation
– current intake less than half of AI
how was the UL set
UL not set because excess consumption is
likely to be self-limiting
• concerns include mineral bioavailability,
gastrointestinal distress, low energy intakes
