Draft Flashcards
Is the process of assigning numbers or values to concepts, objects, events, or situations using a set of rules.
(Chapter 10)
Measurement
indicator of concepts; of abstract concepts such as pain, depression, coping, self-care, and self-esteem, anxiety level, feelings
(Chapter 10)
Indirect measures (indicator)
Involves determining the value of concrete things, such as oxygen saturation, temperature, blood pressure weight, demographic variables
(Chapter 10)
Direct measures
Is the difference between the true measure and what is actually measured
(Chapter 10)
Measurement error
The difference between the measured value and the true value id without obstetrics or direction;
*by accident
(Chapter 10)
Random measurement error
The variation un measurement values from the calculated average is primarily in the same direction
*constantly wrong scale value in the same exact way, either always too high or too low.
(Chapter 10)
Systemic measurement error
What are the levels of measurement
Chapter 10
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
What level of measurement is the lowest of the four measurement categories used when data can be organized into categories of a defined property but the categories cannot be ranked-ordered.
Ex. Nationality, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, and diagnosis (hypertension).
(Chapter 10)
Nominal
What level of measurement is data that can be assigned to categories that can be ranked
Example: intensity of pain,
Ex. Level of conflict (low of high)
(Chapter 10)
Ordinal
What level of measurement uses scales, which have equal numerical distances between the intervals. The categories must have equal intervals between them
Ex. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit changes in temperature can be measured precisely example 70 degrees and 60 degrees has 10 degrees between them.
(Chapter 10)
Interval
What level of measurement is the highest form of measurement and meets all the rules of the forms of measurement: mutually exclusive categories, exhaustive categories, ordered ranks, equally spaced intervals, and a continuum of values Rule: the data must have absolute 0
Ex. Group size (5). Weight, length, and volume.,
(Chapter 10)
Ratio
is concerned with how CONSISTENT the measurement technique measures the concept of interest
Example- if you are using a multiple item scale to measure depression, the scale should indicate similar depression scores each time an individual completes it within a short period of time.
(Chapter 10)
Reliability
Multiple evaluators with constant results
Equivalence; two individuals obtain the same measurement
(Chapter 10)
Interrater reliability
Stability; consistency of repeated measurements
*redoing same tests and looking for same results
(Chapter 10)
Test- retest reliability
The _______ of an instrument is a determination of how well the instrument reflects the abstract concept being examined.
ACCURACY
(Chapter 10)
Validity
Data collection method that involves interaction between the study participants and observer (s) in which the observer has the opportunity to watch the participant perform in a specific setting
(Chapter 10)
Observational measurement
Type of observational measurement that involves spontaneous observing and recording what is seen in words
(Chapter 10)
Unstructured observational measurement
Type of observational measurement that the researcher carefully defines what s/he will observe and how the observations are to be made, recorded, and coded as numbers
(Chapter 10)
Structured observational measurement
Data collection method that involves verbal communication between the researcher and the study participant during which information is provided to the researcher
(Chapter 10)
Interview
Type of interview that is controlled by the study participant
(Chapter 10)
Unstructured
Type of interview in which the content is similar to that of a questionnaire, with the possible responses to questions and enter carefully designed by the researcher
(Chapter 10)
Structured
Data collection method of self report form designed to elicit information through written , verbal, or electronic responses of the study participant.
(Chapter 10)
Questionnaires
Type of data collecting method that involves soliciting perceptions of participants assembled as a group; facilitator guides discussion and creates a non threatening environment (qualitative)
(Chapter 10)
Focus groups
a form of self report, is a more precise means of measuring phenomena than a questionnaire.
(Chapter 10)
Scales
What are the types of scales
Chapter 10
- Rating scales
- Likert scale
- Visual analog scale
Type of scale that are the crudest form of measurement involving scaling technique (pain scale 1-10)
(Chapter 10)
Rating scales
What scale is designed to determine the opinions or attitudes of subjects. Contains a number of declarative statements.
Ex. Strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree.
(Chapter 10)
Likert scales
Type of scale used to measure strength, magnitude, or intensity of individuals subjective feelings, sensations, or attitudes about symptoms or situations….
Example: no pain -> worst pain imaginable
(Chapter 10)
Visual analog scale VAS
is the proportion of patients with the disease who have a positive test result or true positive rate
____________ calculation = probability of disease =
a/(a+c) x100% = true-positive rate
(Chapter 10)
Sensitivity
is the proportion of patients without the disease who have a negative test result, or true- negative rate.
___________ calculation = probability of no disease = d/(b+ d) x 100% = true-negative rate
(Chapter 10)
Specifically
