Chapter 10: Claryifing Measurement And Data Collection

Question 1

Is the process of assigning numbers or values to concepts, objects, events, or situations using a set of rules.

Answer 1

Measurement

Question 2

Involves determining the value of concrete things, such as oxygen saturation, temperature, blood pressure weight, demographic variables

Answer 2

Direct measures

Question 3

indicator of concepts; of abstract concepts such as pain, depression, coping, self-care, and self-esteem, anxiety level, feelings

Answer 3

Indirect measures (indicator)

Question 4

is concerned with how consistently the measurement technique measures the concept of interest

Example- if you are using a multiple item scale to measure depression, the scale should indicate similar depression scores each time an individual completes it within a short period of time.

Answer 4

Reliability

Question 5

The _______ of an instrument is a determination of how well the instrument reflects the abstract concept being examined.

Answer 5

Validity

Question 6

If expressed as a correlation coefficient (ꭇ), ___is perfect reliability, whereas _____ is no reliability.

Answer 6

1.00 ; 0.00

Question 7

The lowest acceptable coefficient for a well-developed measurement tool is ________

Answer 7

0.80

Question 8

An accurate identification of the presence of a disease

Answer 8

True positive

Question 9

Indicates a disease is present when it is not

Answer 9

False positive

Question 10

Indicates a disease is not present when it is

Answer 10

False negative

Question 11

Which indicates accurately that a disease is not present

Answer 11

True negative

Question 12

is the proportion of patients with the disease who have a positive test result or true positive rate

____________ calculation = probability of disease =
a/(a+c) x100% = true-positive rate

Answer 12

Sensitivity

Question 13

is the proportion of patients without the disease who have a negative test result, or true- negative rate.

___________ calculation = probability of no disease = d/(b+ d) x 100% = true-negative rate

Answer 13

Specifically

Question 14

Data collection method that involves interaction between the study participants and observer (s) in which the observer has the opportunity to watch the participant perform in a specific setting

Answer 14

Observational measurement

Question 15

Type of observational measurement that involves spontaneous observing and recording what is seen in words

Answer 15

Unstructured observational measurement

Question 16

Type of observational measurement that the researcher carefully defines what s/he will observe and how the observations are to be made, recorded, and coded as numbers

Answer 16

Structured observational measurement

Question 17

Data collection method that involves verbal communication between the researcher and the study participant during which information is provided to the researcher

Answer 17

Interview

Question 18

Type of interview that is controlled by the study participant

Answer 18

Unstructured

Question 19

Type of interview in which the content is similar to that of a questionnaire, with the possible responses to questions and enter carefully designed by the researcher

Answer 19

Structured

Question 20

Data collection method of self report form designed to elicit information through written , verbal, or electronic responses of the study participant.

Answer 20

Questionnaires

Question 21

Type of data collecting method that involves soliciting perceptions of participants assembled as a group; facilitator guides discussion and creates a non threatening environment (qualitative)

Answer 21

Focus groups

Question 22

a form of self report, is a more precise means of measuring phenomena than a questionnaire.

Answer 22

Scales

Question 23

What are the types of scales

Answer 23

1. Rating scales
2. Likert scale
3. Visual analog scale

Question 24

Type of scale that are the crudest form of measurement involving scaling technique (pain scale 1-10)

Answer 24

Rating scales

Question 25

What scale is designed to determine the opinions or attitudes of subjects. Contains a number of declarative statements.

Ex. Strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree.

Answer 25

Likert scales

Question 26

Type of scale used to measure strength, magnitude, or intensity of individuals subjective feelings, sensations, or attitudes about symptoms or situations….

Example: no pain -> worst pain imaginable

Answer 26

Visual analog scale VAS

Question 27

What are the levels of measurement

Answer 27

1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio

Question 28

What level of measurement is the lowest of the four measurement categories used when data can be organized into categories of a defined property but the categories cannot be ranked-ordered.

Ex. Nationality, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, and diagnosis (hypertension).

Answer 28

Nominal

Question 29

What level of measurement is data that can be assigned to categories that can be ranked

Example: intensity of pain,

Ex. Level of conflict (low of high)

Answer 29

Ordinal

Question 30

What level of measurement uses scales, which have equal numerical distances between the intervals. The categories must have equal intervals between them

Ex. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit changes in temperature can be measured precisely example 70 degrees and 60 degrees has 10 degrees between them.

Answer 30

Interval

Question 31

What level of measurement is the highest form of measurement and meets all the rules of the forms of measurement: mutually exclusive categories, exhaustive categories, ordered ranks, equally spaced intervals, and a continuum of values Rule: the data must have absolute 0

Ex. Group size (5). Weight, length, and volume.,

Answer 31

Ratio