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Module 203 > DR1: Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

DR1: Pelvic Floor Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Thick fibrous membrane sitting beneath the pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Formed by the muscles of the pelvic floor

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3
Q

What is the pubic arch?

A

Runs between the lower edge of the pubic body and the two ischial tuberosities

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4
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

A

Formed by the anterior and posterior free edges of the perineal membrane folding upwards

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5
Q

What perineal muscles are in the deep perineal pouch?

A

Compressor urethrae, utherovaginal sphincter in females

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6
Q

Describe the superficial perineal pouch.

A

Inferior to the perineal membrane containing skeletal muscles responsible for erection

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7
Q

Describe the perineal body.

A

Found midway along a line joining the two ischial tuberosities
Site where fibres from several muscles of the superficial perineal pouch converge.

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8
Q

What muscles cover part of the pelvis wall?

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus

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9
Q

What is the passageway for the somatic sacral nerves?

A

Anterior surface of the sacrum

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10
Q

Describe the piriformis muscles.

A

Lies on anterior surface of the sacrum

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11
Q

Describe the obturator internus muscle location.

A

Passes beneath the obturator foramen

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12
Q

Describe the tendinous arch.

A

Used to locate the obturator internus muscle

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13
Q

Describe the muscles of the pelvic floor.

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus

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14
Q

What features are associated with the pelvic floor?

A

Internal surface of the body of pubis
Ischial spine
Coccyx
Tendinous arch

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15
Q

Origin and insertion of iliococcygeus

A

Tendious arch projects from ischial spine to posterior aspect of pubic bone to coccyx

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16
Q

Origin and insertion of Pubococcygeus

A

From internal surface of the pubis to the coccyx

17
Q

Origin and insertion of puborectalis

A

From pubis with fibres inserted behind the rectum

18
Q

Origin and insertion of coccygeus

A

Inner surface of the ischial spine to lateral margin of the coccyx and side of the 5th sacral segment

19
Q

Roots of the sacral plexus

A

Formed by anterior primary rami of S1-4

20
Q

Course of the obturator nerve

A

Exits the pelvis via the obturator foramen

21
Q

What nerve remains in the pelvis?

A

Piriformis nerve

22
Q

Lumbosacral trunk

A

Sacral plexus is joined by the anterior primary rami of the lumbar L4,5

23
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

L4,5, S1-3

Largest nerve in the body and largest branch of the plexus

24
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

L4,5 plus S1

25
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5, S1, S2

26
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

S2-4
Exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen then re-enters through the lesser sciatic foramen by crossing over the ischial spine

27
Q

Main branches of the lumbosacral trunk

A

Sciatic nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Pudendal nerve

28
Q

Important structures of the posterior pelvis

A

Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
Gluteal vessels

29
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Widest nerve in the human body as a large amount of myelin is required to insulate the long axons
Found inferior to the piriformis muscle (rarely the nerve passes through the piriformis muscle to cause sciatica)

30
Q

Clinical significance of the sciatic nerve

A

In order to avoid the nerve, injections into the buttocks are always done both lateral and high

31
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

Target of pudendal block for anaesthetic drug to numb perineal region

32
Q

When is a caudal epidural more common practice than a pudendal nerve block?

A

When used to alleviate labour pain

33
Q

Superior gluteal artery

A

Exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and superior to the piriformis muscle

34
Q

Inferior gluteal artery

A

Exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and inferior to the piriformis muscle

35
Q

Superior and inferior gluteal veins

A

Adjacent to superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Module 203 (10 decks)

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