Dr. Olinger's Muscle and Nerve Tissue lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Striated muscle can contain

A

skeletal and cardiac muscle

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2
Q

The differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue

A

Skeletal:

multinucleated (peripheral)
voluntary
fatigues

Cardiac

uninucleated (central)
nonvoluntary 
does not fatigue 
Separated by intercalated discs 
branched
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3
Q

Smooth muscle

A
not striated 
weaker than striated 
slow and often rhythmic 
Involuntary 
Uninucleated (long central)
Fusiform cell shape 
different arrangement of contractile elements
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4
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers are inserted into a

A

fibrous cardiac skeleton

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5
Q

what kind of arrangement are cardiac muscles?

A

spiral

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6
Q

What do we expect to find in the intercalated discs?

A

Gap junctions that allow for ionic communication between cells which leads to synchronous muscle contraction

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7
Q

so what’s the BIG thing that intercalated discs are known for?

A

possessing GAP junctions which allow for ionic flow between cells in order to produce synchronous action

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8
Q

a short “cigar shaped” nucleus would indicate the cell is a

A

smooth muscle cell

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9
Q

you encounter a “spindle shaped cell” which would indicate the cell is a

A

smooth muscle cell

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10
Q

Caveolae = “……”

A

little caves

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11
Q

where are caveolae found?

A

under the plasma membranes of 2 adjacent smooth muscle cells

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12
Q

what do caveolae do?

A

act as the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

where in the membrane (inside or outside) would contractile elements be found?

A

in the inside, and tighten to contract the cell itself

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14
Q

what are in the contractile fibers, and what are the supporting fibers?

A

they contain actin and myosin

supporting fibers = intermediate filaments

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15
Q

Perikaryon =

A

cell body of the neuron

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16
Q

nissl substance is located

A

in the cell neuron

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17
Q

nissl bodies =

A

hese granules are of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis.[wiki)

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18
Q

Would you find a nissl body in the axon?

19
Q

Highly branched–almost choral appearing–neuron =

A

golgi type II neuron

20
Q

short axons would be found on

A

golgi type II neurons

21
Q

long axons would be found on

A

type I neurons

22
Q

highly branching dendrites would be found on

A

golgi type II neurons

23
Q

very unbranching dendrites would be found on

A

golgi type I neurons

24
Q

Multipolar neurons include

A

motor neurons, purkenji neurons, pyramidal neurons

25
Bipolar neurons would include
retinal and olfactory neurons
26
unipolar neurons would include
touch and pain sensory neurons
27
anaxonic neurons is a
amacrine cell
28
A peripheral never us surrounded by an
epineurium
29
# fill in the blanks ``` an axon is covered by ____ which is surrounded by an which is contained in a ______ which is surrounded by a _________ which is found in a _______ covered by ______ ```
myelin sheaths formed by neurolemma or Schwann Cells endoneurium fascicle with other neuron fibers perineurium peripheral nerve epineurium
30
where would the vasa nevorum be located: epineurium, perineurium, or endoneurium?
epineurium
31
Schwann cells
myelin producing cells of the PNS, clinical name is neurolemma
32
Neurolemmas vs oligodendrocytes
Neurolemma are found in the PNS | oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS
33
oligodendrocytes
myelin producing cells of the CNS which are capable of myelinating multiple axons
34
How do Schwann cells achieve their effect?
They wrap around a peripheral axon many times and SQUEEZE out the cytoplasm, leaving multiple layers of lipid rich trilaminar membrane
35
Nissl substance is found where....and where ISNT it located
Nissl isn't located at the AXON: so if you want to know where the AXON on is, you will look for where there is an absence of nissl
36
an absence of nissl in the cell body indicates
the axon hillock
37
A motor end plate is found adjacent to what kind of macrostructure?
muscle
38
what Golgi type would a neuron without an axon be?
Golgi type II
39
What does a conduction signal through a unipolar (psuedopolar) neuron NOT have to deal with as much as a signal through a bipolar neuron?
it doesnt have to ramify through cell body as much
40
a bunch of endoneurium wrapped axons in bundles surrounded by a perineurium is called a
fascicle
41
a peripheral fiber is an
a myelinated, endoneirum wrapped axon
42
a peripheral nerve is a
perinerium wrapped bundle of fascicles
43
what is the main difference between a Scwann cell and an oligodendrocyte (apart from the CNS/PNS binary)
Schwann cells can only myelinate one axon, oligo's can myelinate multiple axons
44
does the Schwann cell secrete myelin or what?
it's the cell membrane of schwann cell itself that IS the myelin, it doesn't secrete anything