Dr. Olinger's Muscle and Nerve Tissue lecture

Question 1

Striated muscle can contain

Answer 1

skeletal and cardiac muscle

Question 2

The differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 2

Skeletal:

multinucleated (peripheral)
voluntary
fatigues

Cardiac

uninucleated (central)
nonvoluntary 
does not fatigue 
Separated by intercalated discs 
branched

Question 3

Smooth muscle

Answer 3

not striated 
weaker than striated 
slow and often rhythmic 
Involuntary 
Uninucleated (long central)
Fusiform cell shape 
different arrangement of contractile elements

Question 4

Cardiac muscle fibers are inserted into a

Answer 4

fibrous cardiac skeleton

Question 5

what kind of arrangement are cardiac muscles?

Answer 5

spiral

Question 6

What do we expect to find in the intercalated discs?

Answer 6

Gap junctions that allow for ionic communication between cells which leads to synchronous muscle contraction

Question 7

so what’s the BIG thing that intercalated discs are known for?

Answer 7

possessing GAP junctions which allow for ionic flow between cells in order to produce synchronous action

Question 8

a short “cigar shaped” nucleus would indicate the cell is a

Answer 8

smooth muscle cell

Question 9

you encounter a “spindle shaped cell” which would indicate the cell is a

Answer 9

smooth muscle cell

Question 10

Caveolae = “……”

Answer 10

little caves

Question 11

where are caveolae found?

Answer 11

under the plasma membranes of 2 adjacent smooth muscle cells

Question 12

what do caveolae do?

Answer 12

act as the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

where in the membrane (inside or outside) would contractile elements be found?

Answer 13

in the inside, and tighten to contract the cell itself

Question 14

what are in the contractile fibers, and what are the supporting fibers?

Answer 14

they contain actin and myosin

supporting fibers = intermediate filaments

Question 15

Perikaryon =

Answer 15

cell body of the neuron

Question 16

nissl substance is located

Answer 16

in the cell neuron

Question 17

nissl bodies =

Answer 17

hese granules are of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis.[wiki)

Question 18

Would you find a nissl body in the axon?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

Highly branched–almost choral appearing–neuron =

Answer 19

golgi type II neuron

Question 20

short axons would be found on

Answer 20

golgi type II neurons

Question 21

long axons would be found on

Answer 21

type I neurons

Question 22

highly branching dendrites would be found on

Answer 22

golgi type II neurons

Question 23

very unbranching dendrites would be found on

Answer 23

golgi type I neurons

Question 24

Multipolar neurons include

Answer 24

motor neurons, purkenji neurons, pyramidal neurons

Question 25

Bipolar neurons would include

Answer 25

retinal and olfactory neurons

Question 26

unipolar neurons would include

Answer 26

touch and pain sensory neurons

Question 27

anaxonic neurons is a

Answer 27

amacrine cell

Question 28

A peripheral never us surrounded by an

Answer 28

epineurium

Question 29

fill in the blanks

an axon is covered by \_\_\_\_
which is surrounded by an
which is contained in a \_\_\_\_\_\_
which is surrounded by a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
which is found in a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ covered by \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

myelin sheaths formed by neurolemma or Schwann Cells

endoneurium

fascicle with other neuron fibers

perineurium

peripheral nerve

epineurium

Question 30

where would the vasa nevorum be located: epineurium, perineurium, or endoneurium?

Answer 30

epineurium

Question 31

Schwann cells

Answer 31

myelin producing cells of the PNS, clinical name is neurolemma

Question 32

Neurolemmas vs oligodendrocytes

Answer 32

Neurolemma are found in the PNS

oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS

Question 33

oligodendrocytes

Answer 33

myelin producing cells of the CNS which are capable of myelinating multiple axons

Question 34

How do Schwann cells achieve their effect?

Answer 34

They wrap around a peripheral axon many times and SQUEEZE out the cytoplasm, leaving multiple layers of lipid rich trilaminar membrane

Question 35

Nissl substance is found where….and where ISNT it located

Answer 35

Nissl isn’t located at the AXON: so if you want to know where the AXON on is, you will look for where there is an absence of nissl

Question 36

an absence of nissl in the cell body indicates

Answer 36

the axon hillock

Question 37

A motor end plate is found adjacent to what kind of macrostructure?

Answer 37

muscle

Question 38

what Golgi type would a neuron without an axon be?

Answer 38

Golgi type II

Question 39

What does a conduction signal through a unipolar (psuedopolar) neuron NOT have to deal with as much as a signal through a bipolar neuron?

Answer 39

it doesnt have to ramify through cell body as much

Question 40

a bunch of endoneurium wrapped axons in bundles surrounded by a perineurium is called a

Answer 40

fascicle

Question 41

a peripheral fiber is an

Answer 41

a myelinated, endoneirum wrapped axon

Question 42

a peripheral nerve is a

Answer 42

perinerium wrapped bundle of fascicles

Question 43

what is the main difference between a Scwann cell and an oligodendrocyte (apart from the CNS/PNS binary)

Answer 43

Schwann cells can only myelinate one axon, oligo’s can myelinate multiple axons

Question 44

does the Schwann cell secrete myelin or what?

Answer 44

it’s the cell membrane of schwann cell itself that IS the myelin, it doesn’t secrete anything