Dr. Idung Flashcards
The most important nutrients in nutritional anemia are ____, _____ & _____
Iron, Folate, Vitamin B12
Anemia is considered to be early manifestation of nutritional deficiency, T/F
FALSE
The commonest causes of nutritional anemias are ______ & _____
The commonest causes are nutritional deficiencies and chronic infections with parasites and malaria
The major adaptations to anemia are in ______ system
Cardiovascular
The symptom of anemia depends on _____ & ____
the acuteness of onset and he severity of the anaemia
Lists the non-specific symptoms related to tissue hypoxia (hint: 4)
(1) Tiredness
(2) Lassitude
(3) Exertional dyspnoea
(4) Headache
Severe anemia can result in anemia & exudate in optics, T/F?
TRUE
Clinical features of anemia due to Iron deficiency (hint: 6)
- Smooth shining tongue (Actual soreness of the tongue is uncommon in IDA but common in pernicious anaemia)
- Angular stomatitis (R/O poor fitting dentures)
- Spoon nail (Koilonychia)
- Occasionally (Plummer Vinson syndrome of glossitis/dysphasia produced by post cricoids web).
- Pruiritus
- Abnormal food fads (pica)
The usual oral dose for the treatment of IDA contains _____mg of elemental iron
The usual dose is 100-200mg of elemental iron daily e.g. ferrous sulphate 325mg. three times daily
Differential diagnosis of IDA (mention at least 3)
Lead poisoning, Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic inflammation
In children, IDA oral dose treatment is _____
Dose of ferrous iron-preparation should be 6mg/kg per day of elemental iron divided into 3 doses
Duration for iron stores to be replenished via oral iron intake
At least for 6 months
Indications for blood transfusion in IDA
Should only be used for severe iron deficiency (<4.0g/l) when associated with heart failure or prior to urgent surgery
Vitamin B12 is found exclusively in _____ tissue
Animal
The most striking feature of Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is ______
peripheral neuropathy affecting the lower limbs most frequently.
Treatment of Vit B12 deficiency anemia
1000ug/day for the first week then 1000kg weekly until haematologic values normalize or for at least 6 months if neurologic complications exists, then 1000ug monthly for life
A confirmed vitamin B12 deficiency patient should be placed on vit B12 for life, T/F
TRUE
There is presence of neurological deficit in folate deficiency, T/F?
FALSE
Treatment of folate deficiency
Administration of FA-1mg/day
What is the treatment of the nutritional cause sideroblastic anemia
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant, T/F?
TRUE
Chronic Vitamin A can cause macrocytic anemia, T/F
FALSE
Chronic vitamin A toxicity cause a microcytic anaemia and leucopenia
Mention lifestyle diseases (hint: 6)
Obesity
Neoplasm
Hypertension
Dyslipidaemias
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Osteoarthritis
Primary prevention & treatment of many lifestyle diseases is via _________
Exercise
The recommended minutes of exercise per week
-for moderate-intensity=
-for vigorous-intensity=
at least 150min
at least 75min
What’s the recommended number of servings of fruit & vegetable per day
5
Moderate alcohol intake is defined as consumption of _____units per day in men and _____units per day in women
3-4 units in men
2-3units in women
A unit of alcohol is equivalent to ___grams
8g
Obesity is diagnosed when BMI is _____
30kg/m^2
The chief determinants of energy imbalance are lifestyle factors, T/F
TRUE
Individual total energy requirement depends on ______, ______ & _______
- the basal metabolic rate (BMR),
- thermic effects of food, and
- energy needed for the days physical activity(ies) needed
The incidence of overweight increases steadily after the age of ____ until the _____decade of life
20 until the 6th decade of life
Obesity can be seen in all ages, T/F
TRUE
Obesity results from the interaction of ______, _____ & _______
Genetic makeup, Environment, & Lifestyle
Men are more likely to be obese, T/F
FALSE
Men are more likely to be overweight, T/F
TRUE
BMI does not reflect distribution of body fat, T/F
TRUE
Calculation of BMI is not an effective estimation of risk in what subgroups (hint: 4)
- children and adolescents
- Individuals who are < 4 ft tall, or > 7 feet tall
- Competitive athletes and body builders
- Pregnant women
WHO categorization of obesity (underweight, healthy weight, Obesity I, Obesity II, Obesity III)
Risk factors for obesity (hint: 3)
- Family history of obesity
- Diet-high caloric, low fruits and vegetables, snack foods and fast –food consumption
- Low levels of physical activity
Structural social support has a direct effect on health, T/F
TRUE
Functional or perceived social support directly affects health by buffering stress, T/F
FALSE
It indirectly
Mention the forms of social support
Emotional
Esteem
Tangible or Instrumental
Information
Network
Social support influences health through two pathways namely
- Buffering of Stress
- The main effect hypothesis
People with more social support have a lower susceptibility to the common cold, T/F
TRUE
