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FAMILY MEDICINE > Dr. Idung > Flashcards

Dr. Idung Flashcards

1
Q

The most important nutrients in nutritional anemia are ____, _____ & _____

A

Iron, Folate, Vitamin B12

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2
Q

Anemia is considered to be early manifestation of nutritional deficiency, T/F

A

FALSE

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3
Q

The commonest causes of nutritional anemias are ______ & _____

A

The commonest causes are nutritional deficiencies and chronic infections with parasites and malaria

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4
Q

The major adaptations to anemia are in ______ system

A

Cardiovascular

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5
Q

The symptom of anemia depends on _____ & ____

A

the acuteness of onset and he severity of the anaemia

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6
Q

Lists the non-specific symptoms related to tissue hypoxia (hint: 4)

A

(1) Tiredness
(2) Lassitude
(3) Exertional dyspnoea
(4) Headache

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7
Q

Severe anemia can result in anemia & exudate in optics, T/F?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Clinical features of anemia due to Iron deficiency (hint: 6)

A
  1. Smooth shining tongue (Actual soreness of the tongue is uncommon in IDA but common in pernicious anaemia)
  2. Angular stomatitis (R/O poor fitting dentures)
  3. Spoon nail (Koilonychia)
  4. Occasionally (Plummer Vinson syndrome of glossitis/dysphasia produced by post cricoids web).
  5. Pruiritus
  6. Abnormal food fads (pica)
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9
Q

The usual oral dose for the treatment of IDA contains _____mg of elemental iron

A

The usual dose is 100-200mg of elemental iron daily e.g. ferrous sulphate 325mg. three times daily

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10
Q

Differential diagnosis of IDA (mention at least 3)

A

Lead poisoning, Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic inflammation

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11
Q

In children, IDA oral dose treatment is _____

A

Dose of ferrous iron-preparation should be 6mg/kg per day of elemental iron divided into 3 doses

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12
Q

Duration for iron stores to be replenished via oral iron intake

A

At least for 6 months

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13
Q

Indications for blood transfusion in IDA

A

Should only be used for severe iron deficiency (<4.0g/l) when associated with heart failure or prior to urgent surgery

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14
Q

Vitamin B12 is found exclusively in _____ tissue

A

Animal

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15
Q

The most striking feature of Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is ______

A

peripheral neuropathy affecting the lower limbs most frequently.

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16
Q

Treatment of Vit B12 deficiency anemia

A

1000ug/day for the first week then 1000kg weekly until haematologic values normalize or for at least 6 months if neurologic complications exists, then 1000ug monthly for life

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17
Q

A confirmed vitamin B12 deficiency patient should be placed on vit B12 for life, T/F

A

TRUE

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18
Q

There is presence of neurological deficit in folate deficiency, T/F?

A

FALSE

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19
Q

Treatment of folate deficiency

A

Administration of FA-1mg/day

20
Q

What is the treatment of the nutritional cause sideroblastic anemia

A

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

21
Q

Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant, T/F?

A

TRUE

22
Q

Chronic Vitamin A can cause macrocytic anemia, T/F

A

FALSE

Chronic vitamin A toxicity cause a microcytic anaemia and leucopenia

23
Q

Mention lifestyle diseases (hint: 6)

A

Obesity
Neoplasm
Hypertension
Dyslipidaemias
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Osteoarthritis

24
Q

Primary prevention & treatment of many lifestyle diseases is via _________

A

Exercise

25
Q

The recommended minutes of exercise per week
-for moderate-intensity=
-for vigorous-intensity=

A

at least 150min
at least 75min

26
Q

What’s the recommended number of servings of fruit & vegetable per day

A

5

27
Q

Moderate alcohol intake is defined as consumption of _____units per day in men and _____units per day in women

A

3-4 units in men
2-3units in women

28
Q

A unit of alcohol is equivalent to ___grams

A

8g

29
Q

Obesity is diagnosed when BMI is _____

A

30kg/m^2

30
Q

The chief determinants of energy imbalance are lifestyle factors, T/F

A

TRUE

31
Q

Individual total energy requirement depends on ______, ______ & _______

A
  1. the basal metabolic rate (BMR),
  2. thermic effects of food, and
  3. energy needed for the days physical activity(ies) needed
32
Q

The incidence of overweight increases steadily after the age of ____ until the _____decade of life

A

20 until the 6th decade of life

33
Q

Obesity can be seen in all ages, T/F

A

TRUE

34
Q

Obesity results from the interaction of ______, _____ & _______

A

Genetic makeup, Environment, & Lifestyle

35
Q

Men are more likely to be obese, T/F

A

FALSE

36
Q

Men are more likely to be overweight, T/F

A

TRUE

37
Q

BMI does not reflect distribution of body fat, T/F

A

TRUE

38
Q

Calculation of BMI is not an effective estimation of risk in what subgroups (hint: 4)

A
  1. children and adolescents
  2. Individuals who are < 4 ft tall, or > 7 feet tall
  3. Competitive athletes and body builders
  4. Pregnant women
39
Q

WHO categorization of obesity (underweight, healthy weight, Obesity I, Obesity II, Obesity III)

A
40
Q

Risk factors for obesity (hint: 3)

A
  1. Family history of obesity
  2. Diet-high caloric, low fruits and vegetables, snack foods and fast –food consumption
  3. Low levels of physical activity
41
Q

Structural social support has a direct effect on health, T/F

A

TRUE

42
Q

Functional or perceived social support directly affects health by buffering stress, T/F

A

FALSE

It indirectly

43
Q

Mention the forms of social support

A

Emotional
Esteem
Tangible or Instrumental
Information
Network

44
Q

Social support influences health through two pathways namely

A
  1. Buffering of Stress
  2. The main effect hypothesis
45
Q

People with more social support have a lower susceptibility to the common cold, T/F

A

TRUE

FAMILY MEDICINE (7 decks)

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