Dominance and Aggression Flashcards
“Civilization and its discontents”
- who said this?
- what does it mean?
- Sigmund Freud
- get familiar with your own group
- animals have the need to form ingroups and outgroups
- people resent the leader even if they’re the most popular
Solly Zuckerman
- what did he write?
- what did he study?
- what did he conclude?
- studied the importance of dominance hierarchy in baboons
- intrinsic part of group life
- :Social life of monkeys and apes
Territoriality
-2 reasons
- males want territory for 2 reasons:
1) defense of resources
2) access to mates
Dominance
-status is important
Relationship between dominance and aggression
- frequency of aggression shoots up when a new male enters the territory of another male
- fighting stops when hierarchy is clarified
- graph of time since group formation and frequency of aggression
are dominance and aggression synonymous?
- no
- aggression is a mode of communication
Dominance
- relationional construct
- not an attribute of an individual
- you can have dominance without any fighting
- fighting only happens if hierarchy needs to be established
Thor Schjelderup
- “pecking order”
- take 2 monkeys, one will be one and one will be 2
- intrinsic disposition
why does fighting happen
- space: more space, less fighting
- unfamiliarity
- xenophobia
functions of fighting
- space, mates
- resources: food, water
- “priority of access to desired but limited incentives
- want to be alpha when resources are limited because they get first priority
ways to measure dominance
- aggression/threats
- symbolic displays - teeth baring
- location/displacement - height in tree
- grooming - alpha gets more grooming
- food and water competition tests - throw banana, see who goes for it first
- sexual activity
which are the two worst ways to measure dominance?
- aggression
- sexual activity
open mouth threat
- very common
- every primate has a variation of this
squirrel monkey - how they show aggression
- genital display
- alpha sticks genitals into face of lesser monkey
factors that affect dominance/competition
- increase in mating season
- less receptive females
- limited food/water holes
- shade trees/limited shade
complexities in dominance/competition
- dependent rank
- alliances
- winning/losing syndrome
- genetic/hormonal/learned
- rank not always a successful strategy
- reconciliation
dependent rank example
- Japanese macaque matriline
- get rank from mother/siblings
alliances example
- chimps?
- person who studied this?
- Figan and Faben
- Frank de Waal - Chimp politics
winning/losing syndrome
-dominant usually wins
genetic/hormonal/learned
- forget to mate
- alpha don’t always reproduce most
young males reaching puberty - what happens?
- more charging displays
- something intrinsic
Rock, Shadow, Bandit (1,2,3)
- Shadow and Rock kept doing displays (charging)
- 1 yr later, rock and shadow switched, Rock never returned
