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CSET Science > Domain 3 > Flashcards

Domain 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

waht are the terrestiral planets in the solar system?

A

mercury
venus
earth
mars

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2
Q

what are the four gas giants in the solar system?

A

jupiter
saturn
uranus
neptune

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3
Q

what is a comet?

A

small solar system body that orbits the sun and exhibits a tail

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4
Q

what are asteroids?

A

minor planets that are smaller than planets but larger than mmeteoroids

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5
Q

what is the moon cycle?

A

new moon
waxing crescent
first quarter
waxing gibbous
full moon
waning gibbous
last quarter
waning crescent

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6
Q

what happens in a lunar eclipse?

A

the earth passes between the moon and the sun

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7
Q

what happens in a solar eclipse?

A

the moon passes between the earth and sun

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8
Q

what are galaxies?

A

systems of stars

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9
Q

what causes seasons?

A

the Earth’s axis being tilted by 23.5 degrees

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10
Q

how are seasons marked?

A

changes in amount of sunlight

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11
Q

what causes seasonal weather differences between hemispheres?

A

Earth’s elliptical orbit

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12
Q

what are equinoxes?

A

the tilt of the Earth’s axis is not oriented towards or away from the sun

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13
Q

how often does the moon travel around the earth?

A

each month

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14
Q

how are standard time zones established?

A

geometrically subdividing the earth’s spheroid into 24 parts bordered by meridians

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15
Q

what is the perihelion?

A

Earth’s closest point to the Sun

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16
Q

what is an aphelion?

A

the Earth’s furthest point to the Sun

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17
Q

what do seasonal weather fluctuations depend on?

A

proximity to large bodies of water

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18
Q

what are the types of rocks?

A

sedimentary
igneous
metamorphic

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19
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

deposition and consolidation of mideral and organic material

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20
Q

how are igneous rocks formed?

A

solidification of cooled magma

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21
Q

what is a plutonic rock?

A

an ignous rock that forms below the surface

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22
Q

what is an volcanic rock?

A

an igneous rock that forms on the surface

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23
Q

how is a metamorphic rock formed?

A

an existing rock type is transformed through heat and pressure

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24
Q

what is a protolith?

A

the exisiting rock form in a methamorphic rock

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25
Q

what are minerals?

A

natural chemical copounds that are the crystals that make up a rock

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26
Q

what is a mountain?

A

a landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area with a peak

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27
Q

what is a river?

A

a natural flow of water towards another body of water

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28
Q

what is a dessert?

A

1/3 of the earth’s land surface with long days and extreme temperatures

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29
Q

what is weathering?

A

decomposition of earth rocks, soils, and materials through contack with the atmosphere

30
Q

what are the types of weathering?

A

physical and chemical

31
Q

what is erosion?

A

the caryying away of soilds through natural agents

32
Q

what are strata?

A

the layers of sediment depoisitied in a quiet environment

33
Q

what are fossils?

A

traces of ancient life preserved in strata

34
Q

what is the geological time scale?

A

a time scale of geological eras and their information

35
Q

what are the layers of the earth?

A

crust
upper manthle
mantle
outer core
inner core

36
Q

what causes earth movements?

A

forces within the earth when temperature and pressure differences cause instability

37
Q

what are plate techtonics?

A

large sclae movvements of the earth’s lithosphere and cause of the continental drift

38
Q

what are the parts of the crust?

A

litosphere and asthenosphere

39
Q

what are the tectonic plates?

A

the lithosphere moving on the asthenosphere

40
Q

what are the types of plate boundaries?

A

convergent/collision
divergent/spreading
transform

41
Q

what is the pacific ring of fire?

A

an area of frequent earthquakes and voclanic erruptions in the Pacific Ocean

42
Q

how do tectonic plates create mountains?

A

compressional forces, isostatic uplift, and intrusion of igneous matter forces surface rock upwards

43
Q

what is a volcano?

A

a rupture in the Earth’s surface allowing elements to escapr from bellow the surface

44
Q

where are volcanos commonly found?

A

the diverging or converging of tectoni plates

45
Q

what drives the water cycle?

A

the sun

46
Q

what are the phases of the water cycle?

A

evaporation
condensation
precipitation
percolation

47
Q

what is evapotranspiration?

A

water from plants and soil rise into the atmosphere

48
Q

what is percolation?

A

majority of the precipitation infiltrates into the groud and aquifiers

49
Q

what is precipitation?

A

condesnsed water vapor falls to the earth’s surface

50
Q

what is canopy interception?

A

precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage

51
Q

what is subserface flow?

A

the flow of water undergrownd

52
Q

what is evaporation?

A

the transofrmation of water form liquid to gas as it moves from the ground to the atmosphere

53
Q

what is condensation?

A

water vapor transofmed into liquid water in the air producing clouds and fog

54
Q

why does weather occur?

A

temperature and moisture differences between different locations

55
Q

what causes pressure differences?

A

surface temperature differences

56
Q

what are the weather differences between land and water?

A

land absorbs and radiates heat faster
water releases heat over long periods of time

57
Q

what causes mountain/valley breezes?

A

the mountain peaks and slopes generate temperature differences

58
Q

how is El Nino characterized?

A

warm current of fnutrient-poor tropical weather

59
Q

how is La Nina characterized?

A

unusually cold ocean temperatures in the easter equatorial pacific

60
Q

what is an estuary?

A

semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or strems flowing in and connection to the open sea

61
Q

what are characteristics of estuaries?

A

biological diversity
sedimentation
ecosystems

62
Q

what are the major oceanic divisions?

A

Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Southern
Artic

63
Q

what are tides?

A

the rising of the earth’s ocean surface

64
Q

what causes tides?

A

tidal forces of the moon and sun and the earth’s rotation

65
Q

what can tides do?

A

changes the depth of water bodies and produce oscillating currents

66
Q

what what is a semidiurnal tide?

A

two high waters and two low waters each day

67
Q

what is a diurnal?

A

one tidal cycle per day

68
Q

what is spring tide?

A

the max range of the tide

69
Q

what happens if a tidal force is produced by the sun?

A

it is 46% as large as produced by the moon

70
Q

how many tides occur a day?

A

2

CSET Science (4 decks)

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