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CSET Science > Domain 1 > Flashcards

Domain 1 Flashcards

Physical Science

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1
Q

what is matter?

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

what are the states of matter?

A

solid
liquid
gas

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3
Q

what is a solid?

A

retains shape
incopressible
melt with heat
solid if cooled

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4
Q

what is a liquid?

A

shape of container
cannot be compressed significantly
vaporize with heat
crystalize when chilled

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5
Q

how does a liquid relate to solids and gases?

A

inbetween regarding molecular motion and attractive forces

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6
Q

what is a gas?

A

expands to fill space
compressivle fluid
volume depends on pressure and temperature

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7
Q

what is boyle’s law?

A

volume varies inversely with pressure

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8
Q

what is sublimation?

A

some elements and compounds can transition from solid to gas without becoming liquid

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9
Q

what is deposition?

A

some gases can transition directly to solid

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10
Q

what is mass?

A

the amount o fmatter in a chemical substance

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11
Q

what is density?

A

the ratio of mass to volume

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12
Q

what is the formula for density?

A

mass divided by volume

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13
Q

what is hardness?

A

a solid’s resistence to changing it’s shape

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14
Q

what are the operational definitions of hardness?

A

scratch
iondentation
rebound

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15
Q

what is scratch hardness?

A

resistane ot fracture or permanent deformation due to friction from a sharp object

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16
Q

what is indentation hardness?

A

resistence of permanent deformation due to constant load from a sharp object

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17
Q

what is rebound harness?

A

the height of the bounce of an object dropped on the material

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18
Q

what is moh’s scale of hardnes?

A

the rating of mineral sby their ability to sratch a softer mineral

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19
Q

what are physical properties?

A

characteristics that makeup the physical composition

ccolor
form
electrical conductivity
density

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20
Q

what do physical changes not include?

A

on substance changing into a nother

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21
Q

when do chemical changes occur?

A

compounds are formed or decomposed to change a substance into something else

irreversible

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22
Q

what are chemical reactions?

A

show the number of molecules or formula units of the reactants and prdocuts

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23
Q

what are thee parts of the atom?

A

nucleus
protons
neutrons
electrons

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24
Q

how do electrons maintain orbit in the nucleus?

A

their attraction to protons

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25
Q

what is the nucleus?

A

the core of the atom built of protons and neutrons

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26
Q

what are chemical elements?

A

componsed on one aton and connt be separated

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27
Q

what do atomic numbers of elements represent?

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

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28
Q

what is the atomic mass?

A

the sum of protons and neutrons

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29
Q

what are compounds?

A

chemical combinations of two or more elemetns in a fixed ratio

30
Q

what is the periodic table of elements?

A

arrangement of all known elements increasing in atomic number/mass

31
Q

what are groups or families in the periodic table?

A

vertical columns of elements with similar properties

32
Q

what does pH refer to?

A

the acidity or basicity of a solution

33
Q

what is litmus?

A

a watr solumble mixture of different dyes to indicate pH

34
Q

what is a mixture?

A

a combination of two or more different materials witthout a chemical reaction

35
Q

what is motion?

A

constanct change in location described by position, velocity, and acceleration

36
Q

what is velocity?

A

the rate of change of positing with time

37
Q

what is the formula for velocity?

A

change of distance divided by time

38
Q

what is acceleration?

A

the rate of change of velocity with time

39
Q

what is the formula for acceleration?

A

the change of velocity over time

40
Q

what is newton’s first law of motion?

A

without outside forces, a stationary object will never move and a moving object will never stop or deviate

41
Q

what is newton’s second law of motion?

A

the acceleration of an object is porportional to the force applied

42
Q

what is newton’s third law of motion?

A

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

43
Q

what is gravitation?

A

objects with mass attract one another

44
Q

what is gravity?

A

gracitational force exertd by the earth on objects in its vicinity

45
Q

what is a simple machine?

A

a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force

46
Q

how are simple machines utilized?

A

increase the outbup force at the cost of decrease in distnace moved by the load

47
Q

what is the mechanical advantage?

A

the ration of output to the input force

48
Q

what are the four clasical simple machines?

A

lever
pulley/block
inclined plane
screw

49
Q

what is a lever?

A

a rigid object that uses a fulcrum to multiply the mechanical force applied to another object

50
Q

what is a pulley

A

a mechanism using a wheel with a groove to change the direction of applied force and spread the weight of ab object over the length of the rope

51
Q

what is an inclined plane?

A

an inclined plan that reduved the amount of force required to move but increasing the distance

52
Q

what is a screw?

A

inclined plans that convert torque to linear force

53
Q

what are the forms of energy?

A

solar
chemica
electrical
magnetic
nuclear
sound
light
electromagnetic

54
Q

what is electricity?

A

the number of negative elctrons is not equal to protons and can move freely within the atom

55
Q

what is an electric circuit?

A

th epath or circuit an electric current flows

56
Q

what is static electricity?

A

electrical charges increase ont eh surface of a matrial

57
Q

how is nuclear energy obtained?

A

fission and fusion

58
Q

what is nuclear fission?

A

release of energy to split nucleus into smaller fragments

59
Q

what is nuclear fusion?

A

light nuclei unite to a heavier nucleus

60
Q

what is degrees celsius?

A

a temperature scale ot indicate a temperature interval

61
Q

what are the freezing and boilign points in Fahrenheit?

A

32
212

62
Q

how does heat transfer?

A

conduction
radiation
convention

63
Q

ewhat is heat conduction?

A

spontaneous transfer of termal energy through matter

64
Q

what is thermal radiation?

A

electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the suface of an object

65
Q

what is convention?

A

heat is transfered through the circulation of convention currents

66
Q

what are sources of light?

A

incandescent light bult
fluorescent lamp
refraction
reflection

67
Q

how do incandescent light bulbs function?

A

electic currents heat a hilament until producing light

68
Q

how do fluorescent lamps function?

A

electricity excites mercury vapor to produce ultraviolet light and fluoresce

69
Q

what is refraction?

A

light travels at different speeds through different objects

70
Q

what is reflection?

A

light reflects an object off a media and into our eyes

71
Q

what is renewable energy?

A

energy generated from natural resources

72
Q

what is nonrenewable energy?

A

energy traken from finite resources

CSET Science (4 decks)

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