Domain 1.4 Flashcards
What is the purpose of a default Gateway
A device that allows traffic to leave and enter a subnet
What is a loopback address
An address to your own NIC
Ranges from:
127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254
Easy way to self reference (ping 127.0.0.1)
What are the reserved addresses
Addresses reserved for future use (class E addresses)
240.0.0.1 - 254.255.255.254
What is a VIP (Virtual IP Address)?
Not associated with a physical NIC.
Typically used with a VM or internal router address.
What is APIPA and the address range
A link local address - Not able to be forwarded by router
Ranges from:
169.254.0.1 - 169.254.255.254
First and last 256 addresses are reserved.
Functional block of
169.254.1.0 - 169.254.254.255
Describe the 1918 RFC IP addresses
Designates IP Ranges for Private IP Addresses
Class A -
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
Class B -
172.16.0.0 - 172.16.31.255.255
Class C -
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
What are the four methods of communication over an IPv4 network
Unicast -
Multicast -
Broadcast -
Anycast -
Describe IPv4 Unicast Communication
Single machine to machine
Web-surfing, file transfers
Does not scale well
Describe IPv4 Broadcast Communication
Send information to all machines in broadcast domain at once
One packet received by everyone
Routing updates, AR P requests
Not used in IPv6
Describe IPv4 Multicast Communication
Delivery of info to interested systems
-One to Many
Multimedia delivery, stock updates.
Very specialized, and difficult to scale across large networks.
Used in both IPv4 and v6 neworks
Describe IPv4 Anycast Communication
-Single destination IP address has multiple paths to two or more endpoints.
-One-to-one of many
- Configure the same anycast address on different devices.
- The anycast address looks like any other unicast address.
- Packets sent to anycast address are delivered to the closest interface.
Typical for DNS
List the Classful IP Address Ranges using CIDR notation
Leading Octet used to determine class and default network bits:
Class A: 1-127 \24
Class B: 128-191 \16
Class C: 192-223 \8
Class D: 224-239 (Undefined subnet mask)
Class E: 240-254 (Undefined subnet mask)
What is the length in bits of a IPv6 Address
128-bits
What are the rules for shortening an IPv6 Address
- Groups of zeros can be abbreviated using “::” Only once per address
- Leading 0’s are optional
DNS is very important
What is EUI-64?
Extended Unique Identifier - 64bit
Method of static addressing where the address of the device never changes.
Makes use of the other address each device with a NIC has (MAC Address)
EUI-64 combines IPv6 Prefix and the MAC address.
How do you create a EUI-64 address?
-Take the EUI-48 address (MAC Address- 48 bits), split it in half.
-Enter FFFE in the middle for the two MAC address parts (16 bits)
Invert the seventh bit in the address to change the BIA (Burned in address) from a locally administered address.
Explain IPv6 local tunneling
6to4 addressing
-Send IPv6 over existing IPv4 network
- Creates an IPV6 based on the IPv4 address.
-Requires relay routers
- No NAT support
4in6 - Tunnel IPv4 traffic over IPv6 network
What is Teredo/Miredo?
Methods to tunnel IPv6 through NATed IPv4 network.
-End-To-End IPv6 through IPv4
- No special Router needed
-Temporary during migration to IPv6
Miredo - open source for Limux, BSD Unix, and MAC OS X
What is Dual Stack Routing
IPV4 and IPV6 run at the same time.
-Interfaces will be assigned multiple address types.
Describe IPv4 Dual Stack Routing
-IPV4 configured with IPv4 addresses
-Maintains an IPV4 routing table
-Uses IPv4 Dynamic Routing Protocols
Describe IPv6 Dual Stack Routing
Maintains a separate IPv6 Routing table
- Uses IPv6 Dynamic Routing Protocols
True or False: IPv6 uses ARP for neighbor discovery
False:
IPv6 uses NS (Neighbor Solicitation) - sent as a multicast and NA (Neighbor Advertisement) for Neighbor discovery.
What is NDP?
Neighbor Discovery Protocol -
Method that runs over IPv6 Multicast that allows for Neighbor MAC Address resolution/Discovery.
What is SLAAC?
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
Allows for the configuration of an IPv6 address without an DHCP server.
What is DAD?
Duplicate Address Detection -
Prevents duplicate addresses on a network
