Domain 1.2

Question 1

List the different Network Toplologies

Answer 1

Star ( Hub & Spoke, all devices connected to central device)

Bus ( not used anymore)

Mesh (Fully connected, Partial/full Mesh, Used in WAN or high availability networks)

Ring (Built in Redundancy)
Hybrid

Question 2

List and describe the wireless topololiges

Answer 2

Infrastructure - All devices connect through access point. Most common communication mode

Ad Hoc -No pre-existing infrastructure, Devices communicate amongst themselves.

Mesh - Devices work together to form a mesh cloud, that self heals.

Question 3

list the advantages and disadvantages of a P2P network

Answer 3

Easy to deploy and low to no cost.

Does not scale well, difficult to administer, and difficult to secure

Question 4

List the advantages and disadvantages of a client server network

Answer 4

No client to client communication, better performance, more secure and easier to administer.

More expensive than P2P, and more complex

Question 5

What is the IEEE 802.11 standard

Answer 5

The parent standard for wireless networks

Question 6

What is a CAN?

Answer 6

Corporate Area Network - Limited geographic area, a group of buildings normally.

Makes use of LAN technologies, through the use of Fiber or high speed ethernet

Question 7

What is a NAS

Answer 7

Network attached storage - Allows you to connect to a shared storage device across the network.

File Level Access

Question 8

What is SAN

Answer 8

Storage Area Network -
Looks and feels like a local storage device

Block level Access

Very efficient read and write

Question 9

What are the disadvantages to SAN/NAS

Answer 9

They both require a lot of bandwidth, may use isolated high speed networks

Question 10

Define and explain MPLS

Answer 10

Multi-protocol Label Switching -

(Level 2.5 on the OSI layer)

Labels are predefined and are “pushed” onto the packets as they enter the MPLS cloud,

Labels are then used to quickly make routing and switching decisions

The label is then “popped” from the packet as it leaves the MPLS cloud.

The Provider Edge Routers perform the label insertion and removal as the labels move in and out of the cloud.

Question 11

What is mGRE

Answer 11

Multipoint Generic Router Encapsulation
Used extensively for Dynamic
Multipoint VPN (DMVPN)

-Common on Cisco routers.

The VPN builds itself
-Remote sites communicate to each other.

Tunnels are built dynamically, on-demand
- A dynamic Mesh

Question 12

What is SD-WAN

Answer 12

Software Defined WAN

• WAN built for the cloud

The data center used to be in one place
-The cloud has changed how we do things

Cloud-based applications communicate directly to the cloud.
- Eliminates the need to hop back to central point.

Question 13

What is a demarcation point?

Answer 13

The point where you connect with the outside world

-WAN providers
-ISP
-The demarc

Used everywhere, even in homes.

Will be centrally located in a home, and can be as simple as an RJ-45 port, or a network interfacing device.

Question 14

What is CPE?

Answer 14

Customer Premises Equipment

This is the equipment that you have connected to the demarc.

Question 15

What is a NIU ?

Answer 15

Network Interface Unit -

Typically the device that determines the demarcation point in a building.

Question 16

What is a smart jack?

Answer 16

An NIU that has special features such as built in diagnostics, self tests, and alarm indicators for things such as configuration and status

Question 17

What is NFV

Answer 17

Network Function Virtualization -

Act of replacing physical network function with virtual versions that can be managed from a hypervisor.

These will be managed through the use of a VMM

Question 18

What can be accomplished with NFV and what are its advantages

Answer 18

Routing, Switching, load balancing, Firewall functions.

Enables the quick deployment of network functions from the hypervisor. (click and deploy)

Can be used for Virtual Machine deployment, Containerization, Fault Tolerance.

Question 19

What is a provider link and provide some examples

Answer 19

A link that is used by an ISP to provide internet or phone services:

Satellite
Copper
Fiber
Cable Broadband
DSL
Metro-Ethernet

Question 20

Describe Satellite provider links

Answer 20

Satellite -
Expensive compared to other terrestrial options.
High latency - 250ms

Slower speeds - 50mbits down, 3 mbits up

Dependent on weather conditions

Question 21

Describe Copper Provider links

Answer 21

Relatively inexpensive and easy to install

Limited bandwidth
Used with WANs, DSL, and Cable Modems

Often used in conjunction with fiber

Question 22

Describe DSL

Answer 22

ADSL ( Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) - Uses phone lines

Download is faster than upload (Asymmetrical)

~10,000 foot distance limit from the Central Office (CO)

Usually have speeds up to 200mbits down, 20 up.

Question 23

Describe cable Broad Band

Answer 23

Single cable that uses multiple frequencies to send different traffic. (TV, Voice, Data)

High speed - 50 -1000 Mbits common

Data on the cable network.
- DOCSIS ( Data over cable service interface specification)

DOCSIS version can determine maximum throughput of broadband cabling.

Question 24

Describe Metro Ethernet as a provider link

Answer 24

Metro-E allows the connecting of sites using ethernet over a MAN or regional area.
The provider network is optical with a local fiber network

WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)
High speed multiple wavelengths of light