Domain 1.3

Question 1

Describe Twisted Copper Pair Cabling

Answer 1

Two cables are wrapped with one another. They both carry opposite charges.

Pairs in the cables have different twist rates.

Question 2

Describe the two types of CoAx Cables and what they use as a connector

Answer 2

A single wire conductor is shrouded by a dielectric insulator, metal shielding, and a plastic jacket.

Two major types -

RG-6 - Used in TV/Digital cable and high speed internet over cable

RG-59 - Used as patch cables and is not designed for long distances.

These cables can be terminated with F-Type connectors for common installations in homes and whatnot.

Question 3

Describe TwinAX cables

Answer 3

Two wire conductors (Twins)

Common on 10 Gigabit Ethernet SFP+ Cables.

Full duplex, five meters, low cost and low latency compared to twisted pair

Question 4

What are the two ANSI/TIA wiring standards for Ethernet cables making use of twisted pair?

Answer 4

ANSI/TIA 568A and 568B

Question 5

In which order would you terminate the cables of a Twisted pair into an RJ-45 connector for a TIA 568b cable

Answer 5

White Orange
Orange
White Green
Blue
White blue
green
White brown
brown

Question 6

In which order would you terminate the cables of a Twisted pair into an RJ-45 connector for a TIA 568a cable

Answer 6

White green
Green
White Orange
Blue
White blue
Orange
White brown
brown

Question 7

Describe the Cable Category and Maximum distance of 100BASE-T cable

Answer 7

Copper twisted pair -

Category - 5
Max Distance 100 Meters

Question 8

Describe the Cable Category and Maximum distance of 1000BASE-TX

Answer 8

Fast Ethernet

Cat 5e (Enhanced)
100 meters

Question 9

Describe the Cable Category and Maximum distance of 10GBASE-T cable

Answer 9

Cat 6 -
Unshielded 55 meters
Shielded 100 meters

Cat6A -
100 meters

Cat 7 - Shielded only
100 meters

Question 10

Describe the Cable Category and Maximum distance of 40GBASE-T cable

Answer 10

Cat 8 - shielded only
30 meters

Question 11

Describe UPC Versus APC fiber connectors

Answer 11

UPC - Ultrapolished connector -
Uses no angle to connect two cables together.

High return loss

APC - Angle-polished Connector
Uses an 8 degree angle
Lower return loss, BUT generally higher

insertion loss than UPC

Question 12

Describe a media converter

Answer 12

layer one device that takes one form of signal or transmission media and converts it to a different form of signal or media.

They can also be used to extend copper wiring over longer distances.

Typically require a power source.

Question 13

Describe some Transceiver types

Answer 13

SFP & SFP+ - Small form factor plugable
Commonly used to provide 1 Gbit/s fiber

Also can be used for GB copper

SFP+ - Exactly the same size as SFP, but supports data rates up to 16gb/s

Common with 10 GB ethernet

Question 14

Describe QSFP and QSFP+

Answer 14

Quad small form factor plugable
-4 channel SFP = 4x1GB lines = 4GBit\s

QSFP+ 4x10GB lines = 40GBit\s

You can make use of BiDI (Bi Directional) over QSFP and QSFP+ for additional efficiency over one run.

Question 15

Describe the differences between Duplex communication and BiDI (Bi Directional)

Answer 15

Duplex involves two fibers that independantly transmit and recieve.

BiDirectional allows for each of the two fibers to send and simutaliously recived on a single fiber line. Different wavelengths are used for send and receive functions for BIDI wires.

Question 16

What is a krone Block

Answer 16

Alternative to 110 block. Common in Europe

You can use them for analog and digital communication
Different models allow for different frequencies

Question 17

What is a BIX

Answer 17

Building Industry Cross_Connect

Common Block type

Updated through the years, with gigbix version using Cat6 cable

Question 18

Describe the 10 and 100 megabit over copper Ethernet standards

Answer 18

10BASE-T (twisted pair)

Two pair, Category 3 cable min
100 meter max distance

100Base-TX (Fast Ethernet)
Two Pairs
Cat 5 or better
100 Meters

Question 19

Describe the 1000 megabit over copper Ethernet standard

Answer 19

1000Base-T

Cat 5e - Four Pairs (all 8 cables are used)
100 meters

Question 20

Describe the 10 Gigabit over copper Ethernet standards

Answer 20

10GBase-T

increased frequency of 500Mhz over 125 in 1000BASE-T

Cat 6 - Unshielded 55 Meters
Cat 6 - Shielded 100 Meters

Cat 6a (Augmented) - 100 Meters unshielded or shielded

Question 21

Describe the 40 GB over copper Ethernet standards

Answer 21

4 pair twisted pair

Cat 8 cable - up to 30 meters

Question 22

Describe 100 megabit over fiber Ethernet standards

Answer 22

100BASE-FX
-Pair of MultiMode Fiber
- Laser TX
- 400 Meters (Half Duplex)
- 2 KM (Full Duplex)

100BASE-SX
-Cheaper than FX - Uses LED transmitter
-300 Meter Max Distance

Question 23

Describe the Gigabit over Fiber Ethernet standards

Answer 23

1000BASE-SX
-Gigabit using NIR (Near InfraRed) light
-Usually uses MMF
-220 Meters to 500 Meters depending on fiber type

1000BASE-LX
-Gigabit using long wavelength laser
-MMF up to 550 Meters
-SMF up to 5 KM

Question 24

Describe 10 GB over fiber Ethernet standards

Answer 24

10GBASE - SR (Short Range)
-MMF
-26-400 meters, depending on the fiber

10GBASE -LR (Long Range)
-SMF
-10KM Range

Question 25

What is WDM?

Answer 25

Wavelength Division Multiplexing
-Bidirectional Comms over a single fiber
-Uses different wavelengths for each carriers (different colors)

Question 26

What is CWDM

Answer 26

Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

10GBASE-LX4 - uses four 3.125 Gbit/s carriers at four different wavelengths

Question 27

What is DWDM

Answer 27

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

-Multiplex multiple OC carriers into a single fiber
Add 160 signals, which increase throughput to 1.6 Tbps