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Inman RD Exam General Knowledge > Domain 1 - Research/Management Concepts > Flashcards

Domain 1 - Research/Management Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

How many steps are there in research?

A

7

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2
Q

Step 1 in research process

A

(1) Identify a relevant and important topic; literature review

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3
Q

Step 2 in research process

A

(2) Develop a well-considered research question.

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4
Q

Step 3 in research process

A

(3) Research question leads to a hypothesis.
* hypothesis is a prediction of a relationship
* null hypothesis= no relationship

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5
Q

Step 4 in research process

A

(4) Prepare research protocol: methodology to solve the problem

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6
Q

Step 5 in research process

A

(5) Organize methods and materials

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7
Q

Step 6 in research process

A

(6) Collect and analyze data

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8
Q

Step 7 in research process

A

(7) Study results and make decisions

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9
Q

What are the parts of a research paper? (8)

A
  1. Abstract
  2. General introduction
  3. Review of existing literature
  4. Methodology
  5. Results
  6. Discussion (interpretation of results)
  7. Conclusion
  8. Implications (applied in practice)
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10
Q

What type of research describes a state of nature at a point in time and establishes associations among factors, but does NOT prove cause/effect.

A

Descriptive research

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11
Q

Qualitative research, case report, and surveys are what type of research?

A

Descriptive research

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12
Q

Research designed to describe and quantify characteristics of a defined population and defined time frame; pinpoints problems.

A

Surveys

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13
Q

Type of research that tests hypotheses concerning the effects of specific factors of interest and allows cause/effect relationship to be determined.

A

Analytical research

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14
Q

Experimental model, Quasi-experiemental design, cohort studies, case control studies and cross-sectional studies are what type of research?

A

Analytical research

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15
Q

The _______ model uses experimental and control groups. The control does not receive treatment or receives a placebo.

A

Experimental model

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16
Q

The Quasi-experimental design involves _____ _____, which is a series of measurements at periodic intervals before and after the program. It shows whether measurements before and after are a continuation of previous patterns or whether they indicate noteworthy change.

A

time series

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17
Q

This type of study follows a group through a time to see if they develop a specific disease. It’s sometimes called incidence studies tracking the frequency of new cases of a disease.

A

cohort studies

18
Q

These studies focus on a specific disease. Those with the disease are compared to those without the disease, but have similar characteristics; studies how they differ.

A

case control studies

19
Q

This study collects data ONE time. It is sometimes called prevalence study (ALL cases of a disease among a group in a specific time); gives a snap-shot look at one particular time period (present time, not past).

A

cross-sectional study

20
Q

The ability to measure phenomenon it intends to measure.

A

relevance or validity

21
Q

______ validity tests whether the difference between the two groups is real (has the experiment group really performed differently).

A

internal validity

22
Q

______ validity tests whether or not a generalization can be made from the study to a large population.

A

external validity

23
Q

ANOVA - describe

A

Analysis of variance; tool used to evaluate validity (need >2 samples).
*used when several products compete against one another.

24
Q

Consistency or reproducibility of test results

A

reliability

25
Q

Variables that fit into a category with no special order (gender, race, marital status)

A

nominal variables (non ordered)

26
Q

Variables that are compared with each other and put in order, perhaps from best to worst, state of disease from 1-4)

A

rank ordered (ordered scale)

27
Q

______ variables are outcomes.

______ variables are what you manipulate in your study.

A

Dependent; Independent

*effect of cholesterol levels (independent) have on heart attacks (dependent)

28
Q

Simple average of data

A

mean

29
Q

Value at the midpoint

A

median

*if there is an even amount of numbers, the median is the average of the 2 numbers closest in the center

30
Q

Most frequent occurring value; prediction most likely to be right.

A

mode (no repeated #, no mode)

31
Q

Difference between the lowest and highest values in the distribution.

A

range

32
Q

Most significant measure of distribution; indicates degree of dispersion about the mean value of a distribution.

A

standard deviation

  • has curve of normal distribution as it falls away from its peak on either side.
  • distance between the mean and the point of inflection on either side is = to SD.
33
Q

About 2/3 (68%) of all observations in a normal distribution lie within ___ SD of the mean.

A

1 SD

  • 32% lie outside the range (16% below, 16% above the range)
  • 95% lie within 2 SD either side of the mean
34
Q

The closer the points to the line, the stronger the degree of ______ relationship. This is called ______ _______ ______.

A

linear relationship

linear correlation coefficient (r)

35
Q

There is no linear relationship if r = ___.

A

0

36
Q

Perfect positive correlation is ____.

Perfect negative correlation is ____.

A

+1, -1

37
Q

The lower the p value, the (HIGHER/LOWER) the significance of your results.

A

higher

38
Q

What does p < or = 0.05 indicate? <.0001?

A

< 0.05 = significant difference, results are reliable

<.0001 = very, very significant difference, reliable results

39
Q

Management concepts are?

A

philosophies about how an organization views its customers and its delivery of products/services

40
Q

Marketing Mix - what are the 4 P’s?

A

Product, place, price, promotion

41
Q

Effectiveness refers too…

A

degree to which we achieve our objectives

42
Q

Efficiency refers too..

A

minimization of resources we expend to achieve objectives

Inman RD Exam General Knowledge (8 decks)

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