Domain 1 - Research/Management Concepts Flashcards
How many steps are there in research?
7
Step 1 in research process
(1) Identify a relevant and important topic; literature review
Step 2 in research process
(2) Develop a well-considered research question.
Step 3 in research process
(3) Research question leads to a hypothesis.
* hypothesis is a prediction of a relationship
* null hypothesis= no relationship
Step 4 in research process
(4) Prepare research protocol: methodology to solve the problem
Step 5 in research process
(5) Organize methods and materials
Step 6 in research process
(6) Collect and analyze data
Step 7 in research process
(7) Study results and make decisions
What are the parts of a research paper? (8)
- Abstract
- General introduction
- Review of existing literature
- Methodology
- Results
- Discussion (interpretation of results)
- Conclusion
- Implications (applied in practice)
What type of research describes a state of nature at a point in time and establishes associations among factors, but does NOT prove cause/effect.
Descriptive research
Qualitative research, case report, and surveys are what type of research?
Descriptive research
Research designed to describe and quantify characteristics of a defined population and defined time frame; pinpoints problems.
Surveys
Type of research that tests hypotheses concerning the effects of specific factors of interest and allows cause/effect relationship to be determined.
Analytical research
Experimental model, Quasi-experiemental design, cohort studies, case control studies and cross-sectional studies are what type of research?
Analytical research
The _______ model uses experimental and control groups. The control does not receive treatment or receives a placebo.
Experimental model
The Quasi-experimental design involves _____ _____, which is a series of measurements at periodic intervals before and after the program. It shows whether measurements before and after are a continuation of previous patterns or whether they indicate noteworthy change.
time series
This type of study follows a group through a time to see if they develop a specific disease. It’s sometimes called incidence studies tracking the frequency of new cases of a disease.
cohort studies
These studies focus on a specific disease. Those with the disease are compared to those without the disease, but have similar characteristics; studies how they differ.
case control studies
This study collects data ONE time. It is sometimes called prevalence study (ALL cases of a disease among a group in a specific time); gives a snap-shot look at one particular time period (present time, not past).
cross-sectional study
The ability to measure phenomenon it intends to measure.
relevance or validity
______ validity tests whether the difference between the two groups is real (has the experiment group really performed differently).
internal validity
______ validity tests whether or not a generalization can be made from the study to a large population.
external validity
ANOVA - describe
Analysis of variance; tool used to evaluate validity (need >2 samples).
*used when several products compete against one another.
Consistency or reproducibility of test results
reliability
