D.O.D #5 - Stroke & Transcient Ischemic Attack

Question 1

dysarthria

Answer 1

unclear articulation/slurred speech

Question 2

monocular blindness

Answer 2

blindness that affects one eye for sec/mins

Question 3

onset

Answer 3

moment when unpleasantness begins

Question 4

ED

Answer 4

Emergency Department

Question 5

Bruit

Answer 5

sounds of turbulence in the blood to detect blockage; abnormal sounds when listening to heart through stethoscope

Question 6

carotid artery

Answer 6

blood vessels on both sides of the neck that deliver blood to the brain and head

Question 7

gait

Answer 7

manner of walking

Question 8

transient

Answer 8

stroke symptoms come in waves (come and go)

Question 9

hemiplegia

Answer 9

paralysis on one side

Question 10

paralegia

Answer 10

paralysis from the waist down

Question 11

quadriplegia

Answer 11

paralysis of four limbs

Question 12

TIA

Answer 12

transient ischemic attack

Question 13

stroke

Answer 13

rapid loss of brain function

Question 14

ischemic stroke

Answer 14

blood clot in the brain (lack of blood flow); cerebral infarction (brain tissue death)

Question 15

ischemic stroke symptoms

Answer 15

may not notice; headache, cannot properly use side one side of face, dysarthria, monocular blindness, dizziness, abnormal gait

Question 16

what is an ischemic stroke?

Answer 16

caused by thrombosis (restriction/blockage) that cause things downstream to not get proper oxygen and they die

Question 17

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 17

weak blood vessel leaks; broken blood vessel bleeds on/inside the brain (other parts of brain is not getting enough blood cause of the leak)

Question 18

TIA symptoms

Answer 18

feeling of going to faint, hot feeling, numbness on one side

Question 19

hemorrhagic stroke symptoms

Answer 19

severe headache near back of head, fainting, inability to move/feel, confusion, muscle pain in neck and shoulders, emesis

Question 20

FAST

Answer 20

Facial weakness (drooping, Arm weakness, Speech problem (slurred), Time to call

Question 21

TIA is most common in what age?

Answer 21

55 and up

Question 22

causes of TIA

Answer 22

heart rhythm, abnormality in blood, abnormality in blood vessels

Question 23

treatment for TIA

Answer 23

for BP: cholesterol, blood thinners -> reduce chance of stroke

Question 24

why should you seek immediate help after a TIA (mini stroke)

Answer 24

w/out treatment, after one week, your chance of having a full stroke goes up by 11%; after one month, 15-20%

Question 25

steps to treat a stroke

Answer 25

1. get to hospital ASAP 2. diagnose stroke 3a. treat w/ meds 3b. tests (P.E.) (lab tests) 3c. imaging (ct) (mri)

Question 26

treatment for Ischemic Stroke (w/ meds)

Answer 26

(ct scan looks normal right after) 1. Asprin (prevents new clots) 2. Thromcolitic -- "clot buster" (thrombo = blood clot) (litic = breaks up clots)

Question 27

treatment for Hemorrhagic Stroke w/ meds

Answer 27

treat with anti-hypertensives (BP goes down) you want the blood to clot (to stop the bleeding) so don't give TPA cause it makes it less likely to clot -- IMAGING IS IMPORTANT; must find where in the brain and which vessel is bleeding

Question 28

what part of the brain do surgeons want to try to save after a stroke?

Answer 28

possibly core, definently penumbra -- save max amount of brain to lose min function

Question 29

treatment of Ischemic Stroke w/ surgery

Answer 29

-- Remove clot 1. MERCI retriever: (Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia): wire goes into the brain, grabs the clot and pulls it out 2. Suction removal: tube sucks it out

Question 30

treatment of Hemorrhagic Stroke w/ surgery

Answer 30

-- control bleeding 1. "clip" aneursym: metal clip closes way to aneursym 2. coil embolization: tube goes to opening and wire clogs aneurysm 3. Clot retrieval procedure: put in wire; blow up device; pull out device

Question 31

carotid anterectery ?

Answer 31

tries to remove plaque earlier; try to prevent occurence