D.O.D #1 - Diabetes Flashcards by Jenna Sokoll

lethargic

tired; lack of energy

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emesis

throwing up

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polyuria

frequent urination

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skin turgor

skin elasticity – test to run to see if dehydrated (skin standing up)

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hyponatremia

low sodium

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hyperkaldemia

high potassium level in the blood

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hyperchloremia

high chloride level in blood

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insulin

a hormone that regulates the glucose level in blood

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tachypnea

abnormally rapid breathing

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dry mucus membranes

dry mouth and nose; means dehydration

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fruity-smelling breath

high level glucose causes it to smell sweet

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S.O.B.

shortness of breath

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glucose normal limits:

70 to 99 mg/dl

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normal blood-glucose range:

90-120

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ESR:

erythrocyte sedmention rate

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UA:

urinary analysis

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WBC:

White Blood Cells

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RBC:

Red Blood Cells

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normal white blood cell count

4,500-11,000

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pulminary embolism

blockage in the lungs

stinosis

narrowing in the heart

normal blood sugar

under 140 mg/dl

hypotensive

low blood pressure

hypertensive

high blood pressure

normal blood pressure

120/80

regular temperature (in celcius)

37 degrees

mucus membranes

lining of body openings - mouth, eyes, nose

nauseated

sick to the stomach

genetic diabetes (nature)

type 1

developed diabetes (nurture)

type 2

symptoms of diabetes

polyuria, weight loss, lethargy, emesis, dehydration, unbalanced electrolytes

injection dependent diabetes

type 1

early onset diabetes (diabetes with an age of diagnosis at a young age)

type 1

where are the islets of langerhans?

pancreas

type 1 is what percent

10%

type 2 is what percent

90%

what do the islets of langerhans do?

cells in pancreas that regulate blood sugar, alpha (glucagon) beta (insulin) delta (not sure)

normal body function:

carbs are broken down in stomach and the liver creates glucose; glucose moves into blood stream; body detects levels are rising; in response, pancreas creates insulin, which feeds the body energy

what does insulin do

allows glucose to get into cells to be used as energy

what happens when the glucose and insulin process doesn't work properly?

Leads to Diabetes

how much does insulin does the body make with type 1 diabetes? why?

0 insulin because auto immune response where body destroys insulin-producing cells

beta cells

release insulin = blood sugar goes down

alpha cells

collect glucagon = blood sugar goes up

why do you feel dehydrated when you have diabetes

your kidneys try to remove glucose by urinating which causes dehydration/makes you feel thirsty

small blood vessel damage:

vision, nerve damage, and kidney disease

large blood vessel damage:

heart disease, stroke, poor blood circulation

why does type 2 diabetes happen?

glucose is not used properly or there is too much fat -> in response, liver makes more glucose so pancreas makes more insulin as well -> both levels rise causing high blood sugar

why is weightloss a symptom of type 1 diabetes?

instead of glucose, fat is used as an energy source

high glucose can cause:

damage to blood vessels -> vital organs