DOCs/Indications Flashcards
1
Q
Decreases plasma potassium
A
insulin
2
Q
BPH
A
5 alpha reductase inhibitors
3
Q
Major edema, contraindicated in CHF
A
Thiazolidnediones
4
Q
DOC to induce labor at term
A
oxytocin
5
Q
Use 7-10 days before thyroid surgery to decreased likelihood of thyroid storm
A
Iodine
6
Q
May increase beta cell number and function
A
GLP-1 agonists
7
Q
Most commonly prescribed oral glucocorticoid
A
Prednisone
8
Q
4 things that cause uterine contractions
A
Estrogen
Prostaglandins
Oxytocin
Stretching
9
Q
Use if the patient has a sulfa allergy in place of a sulfonylurea
A
Meglitinides
10
Q
Can’t be used in combination due to similar MOAs
A
Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides
11
Q
Addison’s disease
A
adrenal insufficiency: glucocorticoid +/- mineralocorticoid
12
Q
Lupus
A
glucocorticoids
13
Q
2nd line postpartum hemorrhage/1st line drug
A
Ergot alkaloids
14
Q
Allergic reactions
A
glucocorticoids
15
Q
DOC for estrogen dependent breast cancer in PREmenopausal women
A
Tamoxifen
estrogen antagonist in breast tissue
16
Q
insulin independent decrease in glucose levels: can use if no functioning beta cells
A
Metformin
17
Q
ONLY diabetic oral agent that can also be used to treat T1DM
A
Amylin
18
Q
4 things that cause uterine relaxation
A
Beta agonists
Progesterone
Alcohol
MgSO4
19
Q
Can be used off label for T1DM
A
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
20
Q
Shock (esp anaphylactic)
A
glucocorticoids
21
Q
Similar to tamoxifen and increases HDL
A
Toremifene
22
Q
Prophylaxis for breast cancer
A
Tamoxifen
23
Q
2nd line for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women if disease progressed during Tamoxifen therapy
A
Exemestane (irreversible aromatase inhibitor)
24
Q
Hypoaldosteronism/adrenal insufficiency refractory to glucocorticoids alone
A
Fludrocortisone: for salt and water retention
25
If a premenopausal women is refractory to Tamoxifen
Perform radioablation of ovaries, then use Exemestane (irreversible aromatase inhibitor)
26
Adverse effect: lactic acidosis
metformin
27
PMS
Spironolactone?
28
Can only be given as an adjunct to insulin therapy
Amylin
29
Most damaging and therapeutically limiting effect of glucocorticoids
Osteoporosis
30
To hasten fetal lung development if a baby is going to be born prematurely (before 37 weeks)
cortisol
31
Delay carbohydrate digestion/absorption: weight loss
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
32
oral contraceptive best for adolescents whose epiphyseal plate is still open
mini pill
33
Short term use while cause of Cushing's is being discovered
Metyrapone: ~selective~ inhibitor of enzyme in cortisol synthesis
34
Treat endometriosis
Danazol
35
DOC for Grave's
Methimazole
36
Give for 9-12 days during the follicular phase in IVF to stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen
hMG (FSH actions)
37
FDA approved to prevent convulsions in preeclampsia/ treat eclampsia
MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate)
38
Expulsion of uterine contents due to fetal death, miscarriage, abortion
Dinoprostone suppository inserted into vaginal every 3-5 hours
39
FDA approved to prevent premature labor
none of the tocolytic drugs
40
Male pattern baldness
5 alpha reductase inhibitors
41
Lowering LDL and total cholesterol in postmenopausal women
Raloxifene (E agonist in liver)
42
A patient needs glucocorticoids but has liver failure
Give hydrocortisone or prednisolone, don't have to be converted to active form by liver
43
Hirsutism, PMS
Spironolactone
44
Use when estrogen in contraindicated
Progestins
45
Initial treatment of hyperthyroidism while waiting for meds to take full effect/surgery
Propranolol
46
Myxedema coma DOC
Inject T3
| Corticosteroids
47
Hypoparathyroidism DOC
rhPTH
48
Require some remaining beta cell function to have an effect
GLP-1 agonists
DDP-4 inhibitors
Sulfonylureas Meglitinides
49
Combination therapy with standard uterotonic therapy for postpartum hemorrhage
Tranexamic acid
50
Historically used when nothing else is available to prevent premature labor
Ethanol
51
Initial therapy for hypothyroidism
Lithyronine sodium (T3)
52
3rd line postpartum hemorrhage/2nd line drug
Carboprost tromethamine (prostaglandin)
53
DOC infertility treatment for women with intact HPG axis
Clompiphene
| estrogen antagonist only at the hypothalamus inhibits negative feedback of E on GnRH, causing increased FSH and LH
54
DOC for toxic nodular goiter
Radioactive iodine I-131 is specific for destruction of hyperactive nodules, returns patient to euthyroid state
55
1st line postpartum hemorrhage
Uterine massage
56
Osteoporosis in men
Teriparatide/abaloparatide
| also works for postmenopausal women but not DOC
57
DOC for post-menopausal osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates
58
To produce contractions following a suction abortion
Ergot alkaloids
59
Pregnancy termination
Mifepristone
60
Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Raloxifene (E agonist in bone)
61
Specifically target insulin resistance, insulin sensitizers
Thiazolidnediones
62
Insulinoma
Diazoxide inhibits insulin secretion + other effects
63
Prevent endometrial hyperplasia in hormone replacement therapy
Progestins
64
Hirsutism
spironolactone: androgen receptor antagonist
65
Sex steroid dependent cancers
GnRH suppression:
| antagonists or long-acting agonists
66
Inoperable Cushing's
Mifepristone: antagonist of glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors
67
Cervical ripening prior to delivery at term
Dinoprostone gel applied to the cervix
68
Give a single dose to induce ovulation in IVF at the end of the follicular phase
hCG (same actions as LH)
69
hypothyroidism DOC
Levothyroxine (T4)
70
Beta 2 adrenergic agonists
activate insulin release
71
Co-secreted with insulin
Amylin
72
DOC for breast cancer in POSTmenopausal women
Exemestane (irreversible aromatase inhibitor)
73
Inoperable primary adrenal carcionoma
Mitolane: adrenocrotioclytic: causes atrophy
74
Contraindicated for cancer treatment in premenopausal women
Exemestane (irreversible aromatase inhibitor, doesn't inhibit estrogen sufficienctly)
75
Suppression test for glucocorticoid excess diagnosis
Dexamethasone
76
Beta blocker overdose
Glucagon
Beta blockers decrease cAMP as a second messenger
Glucagon→ increased cAMP→ reversal
77
Prevent implantation within 72 hours (Plan-B alternative)
Mifepristone
78
High dose levonorgestrel to prevent implantation after intercourse
Plan-B
79
Uterine rupture DOC
nitroglycerin
80
Black box warning for thyroid cancer
GLP-1 agonists
81
Rheumatoid arthritits
glucocorticoids to reduce inflammation/pain and restore function
82
best birth control if breast feeding
mini-pill
83
Always indicated in osteoporosis
Calcium + Vitamin D in conjunction with other treatment
84
Addison's disease + stress/trauma/surgery
***increase dose of glucocorticoids***
85
GLP-1 agonist which reduces macrovascular events
Liraglutide
86
DOC for T2DM initial oral tx if A1c<10%
Metformin (glucophage)
87
Milk let down DOC
oxytocin on a cotton pledget nasally
88
Prostate cancer
Flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist) + long acting GnRH agonist
89
becoming the first line agent for premature labor, replacing beta 2 agonists
nifedipine
90
Asthma
inhaled glucocorticoids + B2 agonist
91
Black box warning now, but once used to prevent premature labor
B2 agonists: terbutaline, ritodrine
92
Reverse infertility
LH + FSH
93
Rhinitis
intranasal glucocorticoids
94
Hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
95
Precocious puberty in males
spironolactone: androgen receptor antagonist
96
Drugs for prediabetes: reduce development of T2DM
*Metformin*
| Thiazolidnediones (less effective)
97
Corticosteroid excess+ pregnancy
Metyrapone: ~selective~ inhibitor of enzyme in cortisol synthesis
98
Tamoxifen resistant breast cancer
Fulvestrant
99
NSAID for prevention premature labor
Indomethacin
100
Testicular deficiency
testosterone or methyltestosterone
101
Drugs with highest risk of hypoglycemia
Insulin
| Sulfonylureas
102
Hypoproteinemia of nephrosis treatment
testosterone or methyltestosterone
103
Adverse effect: acute pancreatitits
GLP-1 agonists
| DDP-4 inhibitors
104
Can increase likelihood of UTIs/GU infection
SGLT-2 inhibitors increase glucose in urine
105
first line for premature labor
MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate)
106
Prostate cancer
Flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist) + long acting GnRH agonist
107
birth control if you want "bioidentical" hormones for some reason
Dienogest/estradiol valerate
| Estradiol valerate produces E2 in vivo
108
Induce abortion in the second trimester (13-20 weeks)
Carboprost tromethane
109
Precocious puberty DOC
GnRH suppression:
| antagonists or long-acting agonists
110
Organ transplants
glucocorticoids
111
Preoperative suppression of corticosteroid synthesis
High dose ketoconazole
112
Use if radioactive iodine emergencies
Iodine to outcompete
113
mitochondrial enzyme inhibition causing decreased gluconeogenesis in the liver
Metformin
114
High dose ethinyl estradiol to prevent implantation after intercourse
Preven
115
DOC for Grave's+pregnant
Propylthiouracil
116
Give during follicular phase of IVF to inhibit endogenous LH and FSH production
GnRH suppression:
antagonists (4-5 days)
-or-
long-acting agonists (3 weeks)
