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Unit 3 Pharm II > adverse effects (review lecture) > Flashcards

adverse effects (review lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

drugs that have interactions with thyroid hormones

A

estrogen

tamoxifen

warfarin

steroids

not mentioned but bolded:

salicylates, iodides, antacides, phenytoin, rifampin, carbemazepine, anti-DM drugs

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2
Q

Bisphosphonates cause (4)

A

osteonecrosis of the jaw

abdominal pain

renal toxicity (IV)

upper GI irritation (oral)

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3
Q

Corticosteroids cause a million side effects….

A

iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency

infection susceptibility

peptic ulcers

hyperglycemia

eye effects (cataracts, increased IOP, glaucoma)

CNS (restlessness, insomnia)

osteoporosis

muscle wasting and weakness

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4
Q

the only DM drugs that are not oral and are SC instead

A

GLP-1 agonists (glutides, exenatide)

pramlintide (amylin analog, given with insulin)

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5
Q

testosterone/methyltestosterone in either sex (3)

A

oily skin

decreased HDL

psych changes

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6
Q

finasteride/dutasteride (2, male specific)

(5 alpha reductase inhibitors)

A

gynecomastia

ED

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7
Q

clomiphene can cause

(anti-estrogen)

A

multiple pregnancies

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8
Q

combo oral contraceptives drug interactions (5)

A

antibiotics

warfarin

anticonvulsants

tricyclic antidepressants

oral hypoglycemic agents

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9
Q

“glutides” (GLP-1 agonists)

+

exenatide

(liraglutide, dulaglutide, abiglutide, lixisenatide)

Could cause…..

A

acute pancreatitis

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10
Q

testosterone/methyltestosterone in men

A

decrease testosterone

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11
Q

fertility treatment can cause 2 things in women and 1 thing in men

A

*** ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ***

multiple births

gynecomastia

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12
Q

Only anti-DM med approved for type 1

A

Pramlintide

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13
Q

Nifedipine can cause

A

hypotension

don’t combo with mag sulfate

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14
Q

acarbose, miglitol

(alpha glucosidase inhibitors)

A

flatulence

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15
Q

corticosteroids adverse effects (4)

A

ulcers

hyperglycemia

osteoporosis

chronic tx (more than 1-2 weeks) depresses HPA axis so you CANNOT DC abruptly, taper off

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16
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy adverse effects

A

Cancers: endometrial/ uterine/ breast

hyperplasia

gallbladder dz

thromboembolism

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17
Q

*Metformin has 3 major adverse effects that you should really know*

A

lactic acidosis

B12 deficiency

diarrhea

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18
Q

anti DM drugs with the biggest hypoglycemia risk

A

sulfonylureas

Insulin has the most tho

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19
Q

exemestane/anastrozole/ letrozole

(aromatase inhibitors)

Mostly cause….

A

menopausal sxs

(hot flashes)

20
Q

repaglinide/nateglinide vs hypoglycemia

A

(same as sulfonylureas but no sulfa allergy)

low hypoglycemia effects

21
Q

insulin (3)

A

hypoglycemia

weight gain

cough/ bronchospasm (inhaled)

22
Q

testosterone/methyltestosterone in a fetus

A

pseudohermatphroditism

23
Q

fulvestrant (3)

A

hot flashes

GI sxs

HA

24
Q

danazol adverse effects

(antiprogestin)

A

“very unpleasant”

weight gain, edema, acne, oily skin, HA

25
Q

Cause fetal hypoxia

DO NOT GIVE TO INDUCE LABOR

A

ergonovine maleate

methylergonovine maleate

(ergots)

26
Q

“gliptins” (DDP-4 agonists)

(sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin)

A

acute pancreatitis

27
Q

sulfonylureas with the worst hypoglycemia

A

glyburide

then first gens

28
Q

“glitazones” can cause (4)

(pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)

A

edema –> increased risk of HF

hypoglycemia

weight gain

bone fractures

29
Q

carbost tromethamine and dinoprostone mostly cause…

(prostaglandins)

A

vomiting

diarrhea

30
Q

Tamoxifen has an

(anti-estrogen)

A

increased risk of uterine cancer

31
Q

sulfonylurea with the least hypoglycemic effects

A

glipizide

32
Q

propylthiouracil can cause:

(this is also it’s contraindication)

A

Black Box Warning:

liver injury

acute liver failure

33
Q

“gliflozins” can cause (4)

(canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin)

A

vag infections (fungal, UTI)

polyuria

acute kidney injury

increased LDL

34
Q

indomethacin (fetal, not maternal, effect)

A

closure of fetal ductus arteriosus

35
Q

oxytocin (3 maternal, 1 fetal)

A

water intoxication at high concentration

uterine rupture in large dose

anaphylaxis

sinus bradycardia of the fetus

36
Q

raloxifene (2)

(anti-estrogen)

A

hot flashes

DVT

37
Q

ketoconazole (2)

A

Decreased androgens: gynecomastia/libido decrease/impotence

reversibly hepatotoxicity

Even so, typically a first line for Cushing’s

38
Q

testosterone/methyltestosterone in women

A

masculinization

39
Q

norethindrone/ norgestrel/ levonorgestrel

estradiol/ mestranol

Can cause lots of adverse effects:

A

thromboembolic and blood clotting disorders

weight gain

nausea

edema

depression

HTN

migraine

MI

40
Q

adverse effect of ART: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is……

A

sudden ovarian enlargement

increased vascular permeability

rapid accumulation of fluids (peritoneal, pleural, pericardial)

hypovolemia

fever

shock

41
Q

tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide

(1st gen sulfonylureas)

glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride

(2nd gen sulfonylureas)

2 adverse effects

A

hypoglycemia- highest risk of any noninsulin tx

weight gain

(these effects are the same as insulin, because they cause the release of insulin)

42
Q

levothyroxine sodium/liothyronine sodium can cause

A

hyperthyroidism

(tx by decreasing dose or take a day off)

43
Q

mag sulfate

A

hypotension

don’t combo with nifedipine

44
Q

estradiol

estrone

estriol

A

dose dependent:

thromoboembolism

increased blood clotting

gall bladder dz

migraines

HTN

45
Q

GnRH agonists (leuprolide, goserelin)

GnRH antagonists (cetrorelix, ganirelix)

Can cause (2)

A

menopausal sxs

testicular atrophy

Unit 3 Pharm II (8 decks)

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