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Biology > DNA Test > Flashcards

DNA Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are 3 parts of a nucleotide?

A
  1. Phosphate Group
  2. Dioxide Ribos (sugar)
  3. Base
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2
Q

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

A

Double Helix (twisted ladder)

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3
Q

What forms the backbone?

A

Sugar Phosphates

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4
Q

What type of bonds are found in the backbone?

A

Covalent Bonds

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5
Q

What type of bonds are found between bases?

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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6
Q

What forms the “rungs” of the DNA ladder?

A

nucleotides

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7
Q

Who is credited with discovering the molecular structure of the DNA molecule?

A

James Watson

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8
Q

What are the base-pairing rules for DNA?

A

Pyrimidines always Pair with Purines
(TA)
(CG)
Equal amounts of A&T and C&G

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9
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Thymine Cytosine

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10
Q

Purines

A

Adenine

Guanine

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11
Q

Process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle

A

Replication

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12
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

A

the polymerase “reads” an intact DNA strand as a template and uses it to synthesize the new strand

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13
Q

Differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA is double stranded
DNA contains sugar deoxyribose
RNA has the bases ACGU

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14
Q

The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA

A

Transcription

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15
Q

What is the role of Polymerase in transcription?

A

Reads strand of DNA

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16
Q

MRNA

A

Messenger RNA

–intermediate message that is translated to form a protein

17
Q

RRNA

A

Ribosome RNA

–forms part of the ribosome

18
Q

TRNA

A

Transfer RNA

–brings amino acid to the ribosome to help make a protein

19
Q

Process that converts or translates a MRNA message into a poly peptide

A

Translation

20
Q

Central Dogma

A

States that information in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins

21
Q

Difference between Codon and Anticodon

A

Codon is in Mrna, and Anticodon is in Trna

22
Q

What type of bonds are formed between the amino acids?

A

Peptide Bonds

23
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

chains of amino acids

24
Q

When does a polypeptide become a protein?

A

When two or more join together

Biology (9 decks)

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