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Biology > 3rd 9 weeks test > Flashcards

3rd 9 weeks test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Group of individuals so similar that when they reproduce they produce a fertile offspring

A

Species

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2
Q

Descent with modification

A

Evolution

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3
Q

What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

A

Micro: Change within species (size of a sparrow)
Macro: develop a new species (specimen of any kind)

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4
Q

History of evolutionary species

A

Phylogeny

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5
Q

differences within members of a population

A

Variation

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6
Q

All members of a species that live in a given area

A

population

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7
Q

What is the difference between Gene Flow and Genetic Drift?

A

Gene Flow: 1 or more members of a population move to a different population
Genetic Drift: Reduced variety of alleles of population

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8
Q

What is bottlenecking?

A

Genetic Drift

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9
Q

Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

A

E:

  1. larger and complex
  2. HAS a nucleus
  3. has membrane bound organelles
  4. Sexual Reproduction (Meiosis)
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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

Power house

Makes Energy

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11
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Makes protein, has ribosomes on the surface

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12
Q

Golgi Apparatas

A

POST OFFICE

Receives, packages, and sends molecules

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

Photosynthesis

Makes sugar

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14
Q

What is the benefit of having folded membranes in the mitochondria?

A

Adds surface area and that means more ATP synthesis happens

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15
Q

What type of molecule is an enzyme?

A

Protein and Catalyst

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16
Q

What does an enzyme do?

A

Since its a catalyst, it speeds up chemical reactions

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17
Q

How does a catalyst speed up chemical reactions?

A

It lowers the activation energy

18
Q

Whats the difference between passive and active transport?

A

Active transport goes up and against

19
Q

How will the water flow with an isotonic solution?

A

In and out

20
Q

How will the water flow with a hypertonic solution?

A

Out and shrinks

21
Q

How does water flow in a hypotonic solution?

A

It goes in, and the cell expands

22
Q

What is the difference between a stem cell and a mature body cell?

A

The Stem cell has undifferenciated cell

The mature body cell already has a role and is specialized

23
Q

What is produced in transcription?

A

RNA copy of DNA

24
Q

What is produced in translation?

A

Protein

25
Q

What is the differences between RNA and DNA?

A

RNA: single stranded, has uracill, and has ribos

26
Q

mRNA

A

messenger
transcription
makes rna copies

27
Q

rRNA

A

makes ribosomes

28
Q

tRNA

A

transfers RNA and makes proteins

29
Q

A

A

U

30
Q

T

A

A

31
Q

G

A

C

32
Q

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis

A

Mitosis—2 cells; diploid

33
Q

Inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment

A

Adaptation

34
Q

Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals

A

Natural Selection

35
Q

Measure of an organisms ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members of a population

A

Fitness

36
Q

4 principles of Natural Selection

A
  1. all populations have genetic variation.
  2. the environment presents challenges to successful reproduction.
  3. individuals that are better able to cope with the challenges presented by their environment tend to leave more offspring than those individuals less suited to the environment.
  4. individuals tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support.
37
Q

Difference between homologous structures and analogous structures

A

Homologous: Same place but different function
Analogous: different place, same function

38
Q

Vestigial Structure

A

A part that is greatly reduced from the original ancestry form

39
Q

how are fossils used as evidence for evolution?

A

They show the tiny details of bone structure and show scientists how they have changed

40
Q

What is the difference between convergent evolution and divergent evolution?

A

Divergent: 2 different species share the same ancestral origins
Converent: different ancestral origins (sharks and dolphins)

41
Q

What is coevolution?

A

Evolution of one species in response to the change in another species (honeybees became dependent on flowers and vis versa)

Biology (9 decks)

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