3rd 9 weeks test Flashcards
Group of individuals so similar that when they reproduce they produce a fertile offspring
Species
Descent with modification
Evolution
What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?
Micro: Change within species (size of a sparrow)
Macro: develop a new species (specimen of any kind)
History of evolutionary species
Phylogeny
differences within members of a population
Variation
All members of a species that live in a given area
population
What is the difference between Gene Flow and Genetic Drift?
Gene Flow: 1 or more members of a population move to a different population
Genetic Drift: Reduced variety of alleles of population
What is bottlenecking?
Genetic Drift
Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
E:
- larger and complex
- HAS a nucleus
- has membrane bound organelles
- Sexual Reproduction (Meiosis)
Mitochondria
Power house
Makes Energy
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Makes protein, has ribosomes on the surface
Golgi Apparatas
POST OFFICE
Receives, packages, and sends molecules
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis
Makes sugar
What is the benefit of having folded membranes in the mitochondria?
Adds surface area and that means more ATP synthesis happens
What type of molecule is an enzyme?
Protein and Catalyst
What does an enzyme do?
Since its a catalyst, it speeds up chemical reactions
How does a catalyst speed up chemical reactions?
It lowers the activation energy
Whats the difference between passive and active transport?
Active transport goes up and against
How will the water flow with an isotonic solution?
In and out
How will the water flow with a hypertonic solution?
Out and shrinks
How does water flow in a hypotonic solution?
It goes in, and the cell expands
What is the difference between a stem cell and a mature body cell?
The Stem cell has undifferenciated cell
The mature body cell already has a role and is specialized
What is produced in transcription?
RNA copy of DNA
What is produced in translation?
Protein
What is the differences between RNA and DNA?
RNA: single stranded, has uracill, and has ribos
mRNA
messenger
transcription
makes rna copies
rRNA
makes ribosomes
tRNA
transfers RNA and makes proteins
A
U
T
A
G
C
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis—2 cells; diploid
Inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment
Adaptation
Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals
Natural Selection
Measure of an organisms ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members of a population
Fitness
4 principles of Natural Selection
- all populations have genetic variation.
- the environment presents challenges to successful reproduction.
- individuals that are better able to cope with the challenges presented by their environment tend to leave more offspring than those individuals less suited to the environment.
- individuals tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support.
Difference between homologous structures and analogous structures
Homologous: Same place but different function
Analogous: different place, same function
Vestigial Structure
A part that is greatly reduced from the original ancestry form
how are fossils used as evidence for evolution?
They show the tiny details of bone structure and show scientists how they have changed
What is the difference between convergent evolution and divergent evolution?
Divergent: 2 different species share the same ancestral origins
Converent: different ancestral origins (sharks and dolphins)
What is coevolution?
Evolution of one species in response to the change in another species (honeybees became dependent on flowers and vis versa)
