Bio Test Flashcards
Less specialized cells develop to possess a more distinct form and function
Differentiation
How many different types of cells do the human body have?
300
Why is cell differentiation important?
It forms muscle and nerve cells
Difference between Haploid and Diploid
Diploid–2 sets of dNA
Haploid–1 set of DNA
Totipotent stem cells can become….
Any cell type
What two things come together to form a zygote?
Egg and Sperm
Where can stem cells be obtained?
Adults and Embryos
In early embryonic development, continuous cell divisions result in a cell-covered, fluid-filled ball called…
the BLASTULA
Once the zygote divides by mitosis to form 2 cells, the developing organism is called….
an embryo!
Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis divides the cell once and meiosis divides the cell twice
Cell Lysis
Destruction of Cells
Fertilization
Fusion of an egg and sperm to form a zygote
3rd stage of Meiosis
Anaphase I
Which statement is false about Meiosis?
a) Makes Haploid Cells
b) Involved in asexual reproduction
c) Makes Genetically Unique Cells
d) Occurs only at certain times in life
B) Involved in asexual reproduction
What separates during Anaphase II of Meiosis
Sister Chromatids
How many cycles are in Meiosis
2
In the devloping embryo, what helps determine how a cell will differentiate?
location
List the 3 layers of cells that form in the embryo, and what each layer gives rise to in the organism
Ectoderm–skin
Endoderm–organs
Mezoderm–muscles bones
How are the stem cells classified?
ability and potential
2 sources of stem cells and one advantage and disadvantage
Embryo–easier acces but not a perf match
Adult Stem Cells
At which stage of the embryo does cell differentiation begin?
Gastrula
Is the cell produced by fertilization haploid or diploid?
Diploid
How many times is DNA replicated before Meiosis?
ONce
When is the chromosome number reduced by half?
Meiosis I
How do homologous chromosomes differ from sister chromatids?
Homo= not genetically identical
Why is an egg larger than sperm?
It has to swim
If during Metaphase I, all 23 maternal chromosomes lined up on one side of the cell, and so all 23 paternal chromosomes lined up on the other side of the cell, would genetic diversity increase?
No it would decrease
Where are germ cells located?
Testes and Ovaries
