DNA Structure And Replication

Question 0

Hershey and chase proved DNA is the genetic material

Answer 0

They infected bacteria with a virus to see which molecule the virus injected into the bacteria

Question 1

The 2 hypothesis of genetic inheritance

Answer 1

Protein and DNA

Question 2

Chargaff rule?

Answer 2

A=T and C=G

Question 3

Who produce the first pic of DNA using crystallography?

Answer 3

Rosalind Franklin

Question 4

What is the backbone of the DNA made ?

Answer 4

Sugar, deoxyribose, and phosphate

Question 5

What is the interior of a DNA molecule made ?

Answer 5

Nucleotide bases.

• Amine, thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 6

What antiparallel means ?

Answer 6

Strands go in opposite directions

Question 7

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

Answer 7

Amine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 8

How nitrogenous bases attach to another ?

Answer 8

Hydrogen bonding

Question 9

What is a histone?

Answer 9

Protein that helps package in to coils

Question 10

What’s template strand and daughter strands of DNA?

Answer 10

The temple strand is use as base to copy a new “ daughter” strand

Question 11

Hypothesis of how DNA is replicated ?

Answer 11

• Conservative: DNA unwinds and replicates, and then which strand reattaches to the other strand
• semiconservative: DNA unwind and replicates, then each strand pairs with new daughter strand
• dispersive: each strand is composed by bits of template and daughter strand

Question 12

What hypothesis was correct?

Answer 12

Semi-conservative. A heavy isotope of hydrogen was use to grow the bacteria, which incorporated into the DNA. After the notice the DNA was between heavy and normal.

Question 13

Origen of replication

Answer 13

Where the DNA begins to unwind

Question 14

What direction replication proceeds?

Answer 14

Both 5 to 3 and 3 to 5

Question 15

Which organism has more origins of replications.?

Answer 15

Eukaryotes

Question 16

What’s replication fork?

Answer 16

Where two strand of DNA are separated and unwound

Question 17

What is the enzyme that unzips the DNA

Answer 17

Helicase

Question 18

What single strand binding protein do

Answer 18

Help keep the separated strand of DNA from reattaching.

Question 19

What are dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dTTP?

Answer 19

Molecules with one nitrogenous base and 3 phosphate. They have a lot of energy and can be incorporated into growing DNA strand

Question 20

Why RNA primers necessary for replication ?

Answer 20

Because DNA polymerase cannot bind by itself to DNA

Question 21

Which end nucleotide bases get added ?

Answer 21

3’

Question 22

What direction does the DNA strand grow?

Answer 22

5’ to 3’

Question 23

Difference between the new daughter strands ?

Answer 23

One strand grows 5 to 3 the other one has to add DNA backwards ( Okazaki fragments)

Question 24

Why is proof reading important ?

Answer 24

So mutation do not happen

Question 25

DNA erosion

Answer 25

In each duplication the DNA gets shorter. The end of lagging strand never gets copied.

Question 26

What are telomeres?

Answer 26

The ends of DNA molecules

Question 27

Why DNA gets shorter?

Answer 27

Because erosion

Question 28

Why telomeres aid cancer transformation?

Answer 28

Because if the ends of the DNA never get shorter the will keep on duplicating