DNA, RNA and Protein synthesis (Part 2)

Question 1

DNA Replication definition

Answer 1

Process in which DNA molecules make identical copies of themselves

Question 2

DNA Replication process

Answer 2

An enzyme unwinds the helix shape of the DNA molecule and separates the first pair of bases (breaks hydrogen bonds between them)
Nucleus contains DNA nucleotides
DNA Polymerase attaches complementary nucleotides to both of the newly unpaired bases
Two identical DNA molecules are produced which wind back into helix shapes

Question 3

DNA Profiling defintion

Answer 3

Creating a pattern of bands from a DNA sample to distinguish it from other DNA samples

Question 4

DNA Profiling process

Answer 4

Sample required (cheek cells)
DNA is extracted by disrupting membranes using detergents
DNA is cut into fragments using restriction enzymes
These fragments are separated on the basis of size
Pattern of separated fragments is transferred to a nylon membrane and is stained with radioactive probes
Pattern of stained bands is obtained by exposing the radioactive fragments of to X-ray film
‘‘EXCUSE STAN’’

Question 5

Coding DNA

Answer 5

Carries genetic information - Instructions for making proteins - similar in organisms of the same species

Question 6

Non- coding DNA

Answer 6

Carries no genetic information
Will vary enormously
Makes DNA profiling possible

Question 7

Applications of DNA profiling

Answer 7

Forensic analysis

Paternity testing