DNA , RNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

In what form is genetic information in the nucleus stored?

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 2

Two lipid membranes that are studded with special proteins that separates nucleus from cytoplasm

Question 3

What are the nuclear pores?

Answer 3

Tiny holes in the envelope to regulate exchange of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 4

Thin long strands of DNA and protein

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

Makes RNA

Answer 5

Nucleolus

Question 6

Where can DNA be located

Answer 6

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

Question 7

What form did Watson and crick make the DNA model ?

Answer 7

Double helix

Question 8

What is Chromatin made up of?

Answer 8

DNA and histones

Question 9

What is the components of a DNA nucleotide

Answer 9

Nitrogenous bases linked by weak nitrogenous bonds (A,T,C,G)
Sugar portion (deoxyribose)
Phosphate portion

Question 10

A segment of a DNA molecule which controls particular characteristics

Answer 10

Gene

Question 11

Functions of DNA

Answer 11

Makes up genes which carry hereditary information
Contains coded information for protein synthesis

Question 12

Explain replication of DNA

Answer 12

Before mitosis replication needs to occur
Two strands of the double helix untwist
The double helix unzips as weak hydrogen bonds break
The two original stands now form as a template for complimentary strands to form as free floating nucleotides join up
Then two identical new stands are formed

Question 13

Importance of replication

Answer 13

DNA controls its own synthesis
DNA must replicate before cell division
It ensures all hereditary info is passed from mother to daughter cells during cell division

Question 14

Where can RNA be located

Answer 14

mRNA is formed in the nucleus and functions on ribosome
tRNA is located in the cytoplasm

Question 15

Components of RNA nucleotide

Answer 15

Nitrogenous bases (A,U,C,G)
Sugar portion (ribose)
Phosphate portion

Question 16

Function of RNA

Answer 16

Plays a role in protein synthesis

Question 17

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 17

DNA is double stranded - RNA single stranded
DNA contains Deoxyribose - RNA contains Ribose
DNA contains thymine - RNA contains uracil

Question 18

What is the structure of proteins

Answer 18

Large
Made up of amino acids

Question 19

What causes differences in proteins ?

Answer 19

• there are different types of amino acids (20)
• The number of amino acids used (50-1000)
• The sequence of amino acids
• The shape of the protein molecule

Question 20

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 20

The process where proteins are made in each cell of an organism to form:
Enzymes
Hormones
New structures for cells

Question 21

What are the processes involved in protein synthesis ?

Answer 21

Transcription and Translation

Question 22

Explain Transcription

Answer 22

The double helix untwists
Double helix unzips as weak hydrogen bonds break
One original strand is used as a template for mRNA which is formed using free floating RNA nucleotides from nucleoplasm
mRNA is complementary to DNA
mRNA contains coded message for protein synthesis
mRNA moves from nucleus to cytoplasm and attaches to ribosome

Question 23

Explain Translation

Answer 23

When the mRNA attaches to the ribosome it reads the order of bases
Anticodon of tRNA matches codon on mRNA
tRNA brings ammonia acids to ribosome in correct order
Amino acids join together by peptide bonds to form proteins

Question 24

An arrangement of black bars representing DNA fragments of a person

Answer 24

DNA profiling

Question 25

What is DNA profiling used to do?

Answer 25

Identify criminals , dead bodies, relatives and paternity

Question 26

How DNA profiling is made

Answer 26

A blood sample is taken
DNA is extracted
Enzymes cut the DNA
DNA fragments are separated in gel electrophoresis by size
Bands are stained to make more visible