DNA Replication

Question 1

What is the central dogma?

Answer 1

Genetic information can be passed from nucleic acid to nucleic acid or from nucleic acid to protein. Not from protein to nucleic acid

Question 2

What is gene expression?

Answer 2

The production of a functional protein

Question 3

What are DNA and RNA?

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

What is at 5’ on DNA?

Answer 4

Terminal phosphate group

Question 5

What is at 3’ on DNA?

Answer 5

Terminal hydroxyl group

Question 6

How do 2 strands of DNA run?

Answer 6

Anti-parallel

Question 7

When does DNA replication take place?

Answer 7

Interphase of mitosis and meoisis

Question 8

What does semi-conservative mean?

Answer 8

Each parent strand is a template for a new strand and the 2 new DNA molecules have 1 old and 1 new strand

Question 9

How is DNA unwound?

Answer 9

Helicases

Question 10

How do DNA strands grow?

Answer 10

From 5’ end to 3’ end

Question 11

How is the leading strand synthesised?

Answer 11

By the DNA polymerase enzyme

Question 12

How is the lagging strand synthesised?

Answer 12

In chunks called Okazaki fragments which are joined by ligase enzymes

Question 13

What is transcription?

Answer 13

Copying the information from DNA into a mRNA

Question 14

Why is RNA less stable than DNA?

Answer 14

It has an extra -OH group

Question 15

What are the 3 phases of transcription?

Answer 15

Initiation (unwinding), Elongation (transcribing) and Termination ( finished product)

Question 16

How is transcription carried out?

Answer 16

Using RNA polymerase

Question 17

What is mRNA?

Answer 17

messengerRNA used to carry genetic code from DNA in nucleus to ribosomes. It is roughly 1000 nucleotides long

Question 18

What is rRNA

Answer 18

ribosomalRNA is a main component of ribosomes and is responsible for linking amino acids together in the correct order

Question 19

What is tRNA?

Answer 19

tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosomes so that a protein can be assembled. It is roughly 80 nucleotides long