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Biochemistry > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

What bonds are broken during DNA replication?

A

H Bonds

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2
Q

Where does DNA replication begin?

A

Origin of Replication (ORI)

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3
Q

How many ORI’s are in a bacterial genome?

A

One

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Eukarotic genomes have many ORI’s

A

TRUE

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5
Q

What 2 bases are most prevalent in the ORI?

A

A and T

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6
Q

What is the difference between a bacterial genome and a eukaryotic genome?

A
  • Bacterial genome is CIRCULAR
  • Eukaryote genome is LINEAR
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7
Q

DNA replication is:

A) Unidirectional

or

B) Bidirectional

A

B) Bidirectional

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8
Q

Which end of a DNA strand are new nucleotides added to?

A

3’ end

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9
Q

What does the new nucleotide add onto the 3’ end of the primer strand as?

A

Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphate

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10
Q

What does DNA polymerase require in order to work?

A
  1. Template
  2. Primer
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11
Q

What can RNA polymerase do the DNA polymerase cannot?

A

Start an RNA chain from scratch

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12
Q

What are the functions of DNA polymerase 1?

A
  1. Polymerase (adding onto template strand)
  2. 5’ exonuclease (correcting mistakes from 5’ to 3’)
  3. 3’ exonuclease (correcting mistakes from 3’ to 5’)
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13
Q

What are the functions of DNA Polymerase 3?

A
  1. 3’ exonuclease
  2. Polymerase
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14
Q

What are the three stages of DNA replication?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
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15
Q

What happens at the Initiation stage of DNA replication?

A
  • Starts at ORI
  • Helicase unwinds helix in both directions
  • Creates 2 replication forks
  • Single stranded binding protein (SSB) prevents reassociation between unwound DNA strands
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16
Q

What enzyme produces the primer for DNA polymerase?

A

Primase

17
Q

What is the enzyme that links DNA strands together?

A

DNA Ligase

18
Q

What happens at the Elongation stage of DNA replication?

A

Synthesis occurs in a 5’ to 3’ directions on BOTH STRANDS

19
Q

On which DNA strand is synthesis happening continuously?

A

The Leading Strand

20
Q

On which DNA strand is synthesis happening discontinuously?

A

The Lagging Strand

21
Q

Which is the major DNA replication enzyme?

A

DNA Polymerase III

22
Q

How does DNA synthesis happen on the LEADING STRAND?

A
  1. RNA primer is synthesised
  2. DNA Pol III adds DNA nucleotides to new strand
  3. DNA Pol I removes RNA primer and fills in the gap (5’ to 3’)
  4. DNA ligase links new DNA strands (phosphodiester bond)
23
Q

How does DNA synthesis happen on the LAGGING STRAND?

A
  1. Made up of Okazaki Fragments each with its own primer
  2. DNA Pol III extends the primer from the 3’ end
  3. DNA Pol III stops at next RNA primer
  4. DNA Pol I removes RNA primer and fills in gap
  5. DNA ligase links the two new DNA strands (phosphodiester bond between 3’ OH and 5’ phosphate)

Biochemistry (15 decks)

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