DNA Genes And Chromosomes Flashcards
Where are genes located?
On chromosomes in the nucleus.
What is the purpose of DNA?
DNA carries instructions to make proteins.
Describe how each individuals DNA is unique.
Every individual has their own unique DNA code.
Name an inherited disease caused by an error in the genetic code.
Cystic fibrosis
Describe the benefits of DNA profiling
Paternity tests - discover the father of a child by comparing DNA of suspected father and child.
DNA profiling - you can find out if you have a chance of developing a certain disease and receive treatment earlier.
Criminal forensics - you can eliminate suspects from a crime.
Describe the risks of DNA profiling.
DNA profiling - if you are discovered to have a chance of developing a disease it could prevent you from getting health insurance or a job.
Criminal forensics - DNA could be contaminated and wrongful convictions may occur.
Label and name 3 parts of a nucleotide.
Backbone
- phosphate group
- deoxyribose sugar
Base.
What does the DNA base sequence determine.
The amino acid sequence in a protein.
Describe the structure of a nucleotide.
The nucleotide is held together by a strong sugar-phosphate bond
The bases are held together by a weak hydrogen bond.
State the complementary bases
Guanine and cytosine
Adenosine and thymine
Explain the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes.
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus. Genes carry the instructions to make protein.
What is the function of mRNA.
A copy of of the genetic code for the protein.
The mRNA takes the genetic code out of the nucleus and to a ribosome.
Describe protein synthesis.
The DNA base sequence of the gene is copied.
The copy of the code is called messenger RNA or mRNA. The mRNA takes the genetic code out of the nucleus and to a ribosome.
At the ribosome the mRNA is read and different amino acids are put together in order to make a protein.
