DNA , genes and chromosomes Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA look like in prokaryotic cells?

A

In prokaryotic cells, DNA is short, circular, and not associated with proteins.

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2
Q

What is DNA like in eukaryotic cells?

A

In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA molecules are long, linear, and associated with proteins called histones. Together a DNA molecule and its associated proteins form a chromosome.

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3
Q

In eukaryotic cells, what do mitochondria and chloroplasts contain?

A

DNA

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4
Q

What is a gene?

A

A base sequence for DNA

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5
Q

What do genes code for?

A
  • the amino acid of a polypeptide
  • a functional RNA (including ribosomal RNA and tRNA ).
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6
Q

What does a gene occupy?

A

A gene occupies a fixed position, called a locus, on a particular DNA molecule.

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7
Q

What is a sequence of three DNA bases?

A

Called a triplet, codes for amino acids. The genetic code is universal, non-overlapping, and degenerate.

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8
Q

How do nucleotides join together?

A

They join together by phosphodiester bonds formed in condensation reactions.

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9
Q

What does a DNA molecule look like?

A

A DNA molecule is a double helix composed of two polynucleotides joined together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases whereas RNA is a relatively short polynucleotide chain.

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10
Q
A
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