Classification of species, taxonomy, phlyogenetic classification and binomial system

Question 1

What is the binomial system?

Answer 1

First name is genus and second name is species. Same genus shows close relationship.

Question 2

Why do different species look similar?

Answer 2

1. Live in a similar environment.
2. Have similar selection processes
3. Similar alleles will have the selective advantage.
4. Produces similar/same proteins and therefore have characteristics.

Question 3

What are classification systems an example of?

Answer 3

They are an example of heirarchy.

Question 4

What is heirarchy ?

Answer 4

• Smaller groups arranged within larger groups.
• No overlap between groups.

Question 5

Name all the groups in the classification systems and identify what each group is.

Answer 5

Domain, Kingdom, phylum, Class, order, Family, Genus , species.

Each group is a taxa.

Question 6

Why is a system needed to organise the species?

Answer 6

• To understand relationships between organisms an keep track of changes.
• The system used needs to be universal.
• Systems is based on putting organisms into group.

Question 7

What are some ways to classify?

Answer 7

Originally, based on visible similarities - e.g. appearance, fossils, behavior.
More modern and accurate classification methods are ;
- DNA sequence
- mRNA sequence
- Amino acids sequence
- Immunological - comparing similarity in self - antibody shape.

Question 8

What is phylogenetic classification?

Answer 8

It arranges species into groups according to their evolutionary origins and relationships.

Question 9

What is phylogeny?

Answer 9

Tells us who is related to whom and how closely related they are.

Question 10

What does a phylogenetic tree show?

Answer 10

Shows how all organisms have evolved from the same ancestors ( relatives ).