DNA, Genes And Chromosomes

Question 1

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic DNA x3

Answer 1

Prokaryotic
Relatively short, circular, not associated with proteins
Eukaryotic
Relatively long, linear, bond to proteins called histones

Question 2

What is the DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts like

Answer 2

Short, circular, not associated with protein

Question 3

What two things does a gene code for

Answer 3

The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
Functional RNA

Question 4

What determines the order of amino acids

Answer 4

The order of the bases

Question 5

What is a codon

Answer 5

A sequence of 3 bases in a gene

Question 6

Define genome

Answer 6

All the coding and non-coding genetic material of an organism

Question 7

Define proteome

Answer 7

The entire range of proteins that a cell is able to produce

Question 8

Define introns

Answer 8

Segments of DNA which do not code for amino acids/ proteins

Question 9

Does prokaryotic DNA contain introns

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Define exons

Answer 10

Base triplet coding for amino acids

Question 11

What is it called when a gene exists in more than one form

Answer 11

Alleles

Question 12

A pair of matching chromosomes are called

Answer 12

Homologous chromosomes

Question 13

What is a locus

Answer 13

The fixed point a gene occupies

Question 14

What is a degenerate code

Answer 14

More than one base triplet codes for the same amino acid

Question 15

Are the hydrogen bonds between the folded tRNA molecule between complimentary bases

Answer 15

Yes
When folded the hydrogen bonds will only be found between A & T and C & G

Question 16

Difference between DNA in chloroplasts and the rest of the plants DNA

Answer 16

DNA is not bound to histones but nuclear DNA is

Question 17

Define non-coding base sequence and describe where the non-coding multiple repeats are position in the genome

Answer 17

DNA that does not code for order of amino acids
Found between genes

Question 18

Three ways DNA in chloroplasts is different from DNA in a nucleus

Answer 18

DNA shortER
FewER genes
DNA circular not linear
Not associated with histones
Introns are absent

Question 19

How does a gene code for a polypeptide

Answer 19

Base triplets code for amino acid SEQUENCE

Question 20

Similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA

Answer 20

Nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds
Nucleotides structure is identical

Question 21

What is a homologous chromosome

Answer 21

A pair of chromosomes that carry the same geneS

Question 22

What is the protein DNA wrapped around called

Answer 22

Histones

Question 23

Other than in nucleus where else do you get DNA

Answer 23

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 24

What is functional RNA

Answer 24

RNA molecules other than mRNA that have a role in protein synthesis E,g, tRNA and rRNA

Question 25

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

Answer 25

23

Question 26

What does it mean by the genetic code is universal

Answer 26

The same base triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms

Question 27

What is a chromosomes comprised of (structure)

Answer 27

DNA molecule wrapped around a histone

Question 28

What parts of DNA are non-coding x2

Answer 28

Multiple repeats
Introns

Question 29

How is the shape of tRNA held

Answer 29

Hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases

Question 30

Do prokaryotes have pre-mRNA

Answer 30

No they have no introns