DNA, Genes And Chromosomes Flashcards
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic DNA x3
Prokaryotic
Relatively short, circular, not associated with proteins
Eukaryotic
Relatively long, linear, bond to proteins called histones
What is the DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts like
Short, circular, not associated with protein
What two things does a gene code for
The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
Functional RNA
What determines the order of amino acids
The order of the bases
What is a codon
A sequence of 3 bases in a gene
Define genome
All the coding and non-coding genetic material of an organism
Define proteome
The entire range of proteins that a cell is able to produce
Define introns
Segments of DNA which do not code for amino acids/ proteins
Does prokaryotic DNA contain introns
No
Define exons
Base triplet coding for amino acids
What is it called when a gene exists in more than one form
Alleles
A pair of matching chromosomes are called
Homologous chromosomes
What is a locus
The fixed point a gene occupies
What is a degenerate code
More than one base triplet codes for the same amino acid
Are the hydrogen bonds between the folded tRNA molecule between complimentary bases
Yes
When folded the hydrogen bonds will only be found between A & T and C & G
Difference between DNA in chloroplasts and the rest of the plants DNA
DNA is not bound to histones but nuclear DNA is
Define non-coding base sequence and describe where the non-coding multiple repeats are position in the genome
DNA that does not code for order of amino acids
Found between genes
Three ways DNA in chloroplasts is different from DNA in a nucleus
DNA shortER
FewER genes
DNA circular not linear
Not associated with histones
Introns are absent
How does a gene code for a polypeptide
Base triplets code for amino acid SEQUENCE
Similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA
Nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds
Nucleotides structure is identical
What is a homologous chromosome
A pair of chromosomes that carry the same geneS
What is the protein DNA wrapped around called
Histones
Other than in nucleus where else do you get DNA
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is functional RNA
RNA molecules other than mRNA that have a role in protein synthesis E,g, tRNA and rRNA
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
23
What does it mean by the genetic code is universal
The same base triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms
What is a chromosomes comprised of (structure)
DNA molecule wrapped around a histone
What parts of DNA are non-coding x2
Multiple repeats
Introns
How is the shape of tRNA held
Hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases
Do prokaryotes have pre-mRNA
No they have no introns
