DNA And Protein Sythesis Flashcards
Compare mRNA and tRNA
Both
Contain uracil, single stranded, ribose sugar
-mRNA has no hydrogen bonds tRNA does
-mRNA linear tRNA clover leaf shape
Describe the stages of transcription till leaves nucleus ( including) x5 stages
-DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds in DNA
-Complimentary free RNA nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with exposed bases
-RNA polymerase joins RNA nucleotides forming phosphodiester bonds
-mRNA detaches DNA returns to normal
-mRNA goes to cytoplasm
How does RNA polymerase know when to stop making mRNA
Reaches stop signal
What is mRNA that contains exons and introns called
Pre-mRNA
Process which convert pre-mRNA into mRNA + what happens
Splicing
Introns are removed and exons join together
How does splicing occur in prokaryotic cells
It DOESNT / NO
No introns in prokaryotic DNA
Starting with mRNA in the cytoplasm describe how translation leads to the production of a polypeptide
(Do not include description of translation and splicing in your answer)
mRNA is associated with a ribosome (at start codon)
TRNA brings amino acids
Anti-codon complimentary to codon
Ribosomes moves along to next codon
Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds
By and enzyme which required ATP
(Stops at stop codon)
Describe how mRNA is formed by transcription in eukaryotites
Hydrogen bonds are broken by DNA helicase
One strand of DNA acts as a template
Free nucleotides align with complementary base pairing
Uracil pairs with Adenine
RNA polymerase joins adjacent nucleotides
Forming phosphodiester bonds
Pre-mRNA spliced into mRNA
Define ‘non-coding base sequence’ and describe where the non-coding multiple repeats are in positioned in the genome.
DNA that does not code for proteins
Found between genes
Difference in structure between mRNA and pre-mRNA. Describe and explain the difference.
mRNA has fewer nucleotides due to splicing.
Describe how 1 amino acid is added to a polypeptide that is being formed at a ribosome during translation
Anticodon on tRNA binds to codon on mRNA
tRNA brings specific amino acid
Amino acids join to form a peptide bond
The formation of a peptide bond requires
Energy
Describe how a polypeptide is formed by translation of mRNA x6 (seven points in answer)
mRNA attaches to a ribosome
tRNA anticodon binds to complimentary codon on mRNA
tRNA brings a specific amino acids
The amino acids are joined by peptide bonds
Which use the energy from ATP
The tRNA is released after the amino acid is joined in the peptide bond
Ribosomes continues to move along
What creates phosphodiester bonds in mRNA
RNA polymerase
Where is mRNA found
Nucleus and Cytoplams
