DNA Composition + Structure

Question 1

Name the 4 bases and what they pair with

Answer 1

Adenine + Thymine

Cytosine + Guanine

Question 2

What bases replaces thymine in RNA?

Answer 2

Uracil

Question 3

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 3

Double-helix

Question 4

How many hydrogen bonds are there between A+T?

Answer 4

Two H Bonds

Question 5

How many hydrogen bonds are there between C + G?

Answer 5

3 H Bonds

Question 6

Name the purines (Double ring)

Answer 6

Adenine

Guanine

Question 7

Name the pyrimidines (single ring)

Answer 7

Thymine

Cytosine

Question 8

What is Chargaff’s Rule?

Answer 8

%A=%T

%G=%C

Question 9

What are 3 bases in a triplet called?

Answer 9

A codon

Question 10

What is a gene?

Answer 10

A section of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 11

What is the Central Dogma?

Answer 11

the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein

Question 12

How does cis-platin work on DNA as an anti-cancer drug?

Answer 12

Forms covalent bonds to guanine bases

Question 13

How does doxibrubicin work on DNA as an anti-cancer drug?

Answer 13

An intercalating agent that slides between stacked bases

Question 14

What is epigenetics?

Answer 14

the process of which genes are read (switched on) and which genes are ignored

Question 15

What is all the DNA in a cell called and how many base pairs does this consist of?

Answer 15

The human genome = 3.2 billion base pairs

Question 16

How far could one cell’s DNA stretch, and what happens to the DNA to prevent this?

Answer 16

Could stretch to 6ft, but instead the DNA condenses and tightly wraps around a spool (chromosome).

Question 17

How does DNA condense?

Answer 17

HISTONES

1. DNA wraps around histones + into a spool of beads
2. Linker histones pack beads together
3. DNA condenses into chromosomes